Networks
Parks, John Eliot
Cornell Faculty Member
Close
Positions
- Professor, Animal Science (AN SC), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences (CALS)
- Professor, Continuing Education Winter and Summer Sessions, School of Continuing Education and Summer Sessions - 2012
Dr. John Parks is a reproductive physiologist in the Department of Animal Science specializing in gamete physiology. His research interests have been focused on sperm production and function. Areas of emphasis have been (1) lipid composition of the mammalian sperm plasma membrane as it relates to capacitation and fertilization as well as cryopreservation, and (2) gene expression during spermatogenesis as it relates to germ cell specificity and male fertility. Dr. Parks teaches 2 upper division reproductive physiology courses and labs and contributes to a graduate level reproductive physiology course. Dr. Parks also directs the Cornell Raptor Program which demonstrates and promotes aspects of animal husbandry relevant to raptor conservation, including captive breeding. He co-teaches an exotic avian husbandry course.
Research Areas
Websites
- Affiliations
- Research
- Publications
- Teaching
- Service
- Background
- Other
- View All
Affiliations
Research
research overview
- Research interests are focused in two main areas: (1) the relationship of sperm membrane lipid composition to sperm function and preservation; and (2) recapitulation of spermatogenesis and modification of male germ cells in vitro. Dr. Parks’ research efforts have made novel and important contributions to our understanding of membrane lipid changes associated with the acquisition of fertilizing ability by sperm during epididymal transit and capacitation in the female reproductive tract. Studies have also provided important insight into the relationship between membrane lipid composition and cryosurvival. More recently, Dr. Parks’ laboratory has developed a novel method for long-term culture of bovine testis cells in which germ cells appear to undergo meiosis based on expression of haploid-specific gene expression and ploidy of embryos reconstituted by microinjection of presumptive haploid cells (spermatids). Germ cell culture will facilitate reproductive technologies such as spermatogonial stem cell transplantation, testis grafting, and genetic modification of the male germ line. The long-range objective for these research areas is to collectively improve fertility, preservation, and distribution of avian and mammalian male germ cells from domestic and companion animals and wildlife species of special concern.
area(s) of concentration/expertise
keywords
- cryopreservation
- sperm
- spermatogenesis
- spermatogonial stem cell
submitted impact statement
- Processing and preserving bull semen for use in artificial insemination and other reproductive technologies
- Development of bovine spermatogenesis in vivo and in vitro modification of the male germ line.
- Development of bovine spermatogenesis in vivo and in vitro and relationship to male fertility.
- Development of bovine spermatogenesis in vivo and in vitro and relationship to male fertility.
- Development of bovine spermatogenesis in vivo and in vitro and relationship to male fertility.
Publications
individual publications
-
academic article
- Spermatogenesis in testis xenografts grafted from pre-pubertal Holstein bulls is re-established by stem cell or early spermatogonia. Animal Reproduction Science. 103:1-12. 2008
- Identification, localization, and sequencing of fetal bovine vasa homolog. Animal Reproduction Science. 101:241-251. 2007
- Effect of semen thaw method on conception rate in four large commercial dairy heifer herds. Theriogenology. 63:2535-2549. 2005
- Heat shock reduces developmental competence and alters spindle configuration of bovine oocytes. Theriogenology. 64:1677-1689. 2005
- Cryopreservation of oocytes and embryos. J Agric Assoc China. 4:291-304. 2003
- Prospects for spermatogenesis in vitro. Theriogenology. 59:73-86. 2003
- Effect of preparing and loading multiple insemination guns on conception rate in two large commercial dairy herds. Theriogenology. 57:909-921. 2002
- Development, nuclear dynamics, and cytoskeletal reorganization of bovine oocytes activated by different stimuli. Mol Reprod Dev. 61:178-187. 2001
- In vitro production of haploid germ cells from fresh or frozen-thawed testicular cells of neonatal bulls. Biology of Reproduction. 65:834-839. 2001
- Transport and phagocytosis of fresh versus aged rabbit sperm. J Reprod Dev. 47:373-382. 2001
- Effects of cryopreservation procedures on the cytology and in vitro development of bovine ova. Biology of Reproduction. 61:178-187. 1999
- Thermotolerance of IVM-derived bovine oocytes and embryos after short-term heat shock. Mol Reprod Dev. 53:336-340. 1999
- The surface ultrastructural characteristics of bovine oocytes following heat shock. J Reprod Dev. 44:345-351. 1998
- Antibody directed against plasma membrane components of equine spermatozoa inhibits adhesion of spermatozoa to oviduct epithelial cells in vitro. Biology of Reproduction. 56:720-730. 1997
- Collection of seasonally sperm rich semen by electroejaculation of laboratory woodchucks (Marmota monax) with and without removal of bulbourethral glands. J Lab Anim Sci. 46:667-675. 1997
- Glycerol permeability of rye leaf protoplasts as affected by temperature and electroporation. Plant Cell, Tissue, and Organ Culture. 50:215-219. 1997
- Relationship between androstenedione induced myometrial contractions and platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase in late gestation in pregnant rhesus monkeys. Biology of Reproduction. 56:247-252. 1997
- Effect of electroporation on intracellular ice formation in rye leaf protoplasts. Cryobiology. 32:461-476. 1995
- Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase activity in seminal plasma from the bull, stallion, rabbit, and rooster. Biology of Reproduction. 50:912-916. 1994
- Platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase activity in bovine seminal plasma. J Andrology. 14:335-339. 1993
- Use of flow cytometry for determining sperm concentration in extended bull semen. Journal of Dairy Science. 76:86-95. 1993
- Effects of cryopreservation procedures on sperm membranes. Theriogenology. 38:209-222. 1992
- Factors affecting low temperature survival of mammalian oocytes. Theriogenology. 37:59-74. 1992
- Lipid composition and thermotropic phase behavior of boar, bull, stallion and rooster sperm membranes. Cryobiology. 29:255-266. 1992
- Performance of a model for intracellular ice formation based on the extent of supercooling. Cryobiology. 29:359-373. 1992
- Persistent free-running circannual reproductive cycles during prolonged exposure to a constant 12L:12D photoperiod in laboratory woodchucks (Marmota monax). Lab Anim Sci. 42:382-91. 1992
- Bovine oviductal fluid components and their potential role in sperm cholesterol efflux. Mol Reprod Dev. 25:195-204. 1990
- Effect of platelet activating factor on motility and the acrosome reaction of bovine sperm. Theriogenology. 34:903-912. 1990
- Platelet activating factor activity in the phospholipids of bovine spermatozoa. Biology of Reproduction. 43:806-811. 1990
- Cholesterol efflux from bovine sperm. I. Induction of the acrosome reaction with lysophosphatidyl- choline after reducing sperm cholesterol. Gamete Res. 20:1-13. 1988
- Cholesterol efflux from bovine sperm. II. Effect of reducing sperm cholesterol on penetration of zona-free hamster and in vitro-matured bovine oocytes. Gamete Res. 20:413-420. 1988
- Changes in sperm surfaces associated with epididymal transit. J Reprod Fertil Suppl. 34:133-149. 1987
- Fertility and hatchability of falcon eggs after insemination with frozen semen from the Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus). J Raptor Res. 21:70-72. 1987
- Lipids from plasma membrane and outer acrosomal membrane of bovine spermatozoa. Biology of Reproduction. 37:1249-1258. 1987
- Cryopreservation of Peregrine Falcon semen and post-thaw dialysis to remove glycerol. J Raptor Res. 20:16-20. 1986
- Counting mammalian spermatozoa in biological fluids containing particulate matter. Journal of Dairy Science. 68:2329-2336. 1985
- Developmental changes occurring in the lipids of ram epididymal spermatozoa plasma membrane. Biology of Reproduction. 32:653-668. 1985
- Cholesterol and phospholipids of bovine spermatozoa. I. Use of PIPES-buffered diluent for evaluating the effect of egg yolk lipoproteins on sperm cholesterol and phospholipids. Biology of Reproduction. 24:393-398. 1981
- Cholesterol and phospholipids of bovine spermatozoa. II. Effect of liposomes prepared from egg phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol on sperm cholesterol, phospholipids, and viability at 4°C and 37°C. Biology of Reproduction. 24:399-404. 1981
-
book
-
chapter
- Spermatogenesis, sperm transport, and semen. Encyclopedia of Animal Science. 810-813. 2004
- Hypothermia of Mammalian Gametes. Mammalian Tissue Banking. 229-262. 1997
- Factors affecting preservation and fertility of bull sperm: a brief review. Sperm Preservation and Encapsulation. 81-90. 1992
- Cholesterol efflux from mammalian sperm and its potential role in capacitation. Fertilization in Mammals. 155-168. 1990
-
conference paper
- Egg yolk constituents and their modification as bull semen extender components.. National Association of Animal Breeders. 78-82. 2011
- Overview of reproductive anatomy of the bull.. Proceedings of the technical conference on artificial insemination and reproduction.. 41-45. 2008
- Testis development and spermatogenesis in vivo and in model systems. Proceedings of the 21st N.A.A.B. Technical Conference on Artificial Insemination and Reproduction. 104-110. 2007
- Expression and localization of VASA and Oct-4 in fetal bovine germ cells. Prog. 37th Annual Meeting of the Society for the Study of Reproduction. 128. 2004
- Promoting raptor conservation: The Cornell Raptor Program. Proceedings of the Nineteenth Annual Conference Avian Medicine and Surgery, Mid-Atlantic States Assoc. Avian Vet. 139-142. 1998
- Sperm membrane phospholipid peroxidation: Effects on sperm function and role of PAF acetylhydrolase. Proceeding of the 16 Annual Conference National Assoc. Anim. Breed. 31-39. 1996
- Gamete physiology and biochemistry: factors affecting low temperature survival of sperm and ova. Proceedings of the Reproductive Cryotechnology Specialist Review Workshop. 16-25. 1995
- Applications of flow cytometry in semen processing. Proceedings of the 14th Tech. Conf. Nat. Assoc. Anim. Breed. 12-17. 1992
- Cholesterol efflux from mammalian sperm and its potential role in capacitation. Proceedings of the Serono Symp. Fertil. Mammals. 16. 1989
-
document part
- Donor age has an effect on spermatogenic efficiency within xenografted bovine testis tissue. 187. 2006
- Effect of semen thaw method on conception rate in dairy heifer herds. 157. 2005
- Production of a telomerase-immortalized bovine Sertoli cell line. 162. 2005
- Production of bovine spermatids from transplanted prepubertal testis tissue and developmental competence of recovered spermatids. 172. 2005
- Sexual development of Holstein bulls. 164. 2005
- Regulation of the proliferation and differentiation of mouse spermatogonial stem cells by LIF/bFGF and FSH during in vitro culture 2003
- Effect of cooling rate on vitrification of immature bovine oocytes. 234. 2002
- The cloning of bovine VASA in fetal gonads. 161. 2002
- Transplantation of testicular explants from prepubertal bulls to nude mice and ex situ production of haploid germ cells over a 20-week period. 302. 2002
- Embryo production by intracytoplasmic injection of haploid germ cells produced in vitro from neonatal bull testis. 131. 2001
- Generation of PAF-like lipids from bovine sperm choline phosphatides by copper-catalyzed oxidation: potential role for PAF-acetylhydrolase. 297. 2001
- In vitro production of haploid germ cells from testicular cells of neonatal bulls. 594. 2000
- Sperm membrane phospholipid remodeling during epididymal maturation in the bull. 107. 2000
- Protective effect of cyclodextrin-cholesterol inclusion complexes for cold-shocked bovine sperm. 44. 1999
- Seminal plasma protein inhibits bovine sperm binding to oviduct epithelial cells in vitro. 135. 1999
- Characterization of platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase activity in bull, stallion, rabbit and rooster seminal plasma 1998
- Effect of heat shock on the surface ultrastructural characteristics of the bovine oocyte. 234. 1998
- Differential thermotolearnce of day 3 and day 4 bovine embryos. 325. 1997
- PAF acetylhydrolase (PAF AH) in bovine seminal plasma is produced by the vesicular glands and has sequence homology with PAF AH from human blood. 168. 1997
- Parthenogenetic activation of IVM derived bovine oocytes. 92. 1997
- Relationship of PAF acetylhydrolase in bovine seminal plasma to semen characteristics. 64. 1996
- Electro-ejaculation of coagulum-free, urethral plug-free, seasonally sperm-rich semen following removal of bulbourethral glands in laboratory woodchucks (Marmota monax). 63. 1995
- PAF acetylhydrolase from bovine seminal plasma utilizes sn-2 short-chain choline phospholipids. 59. 1995
- Relationship between androstenedione induced myometrial contractions and platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase in late gestation in pregnant rhesus monkeys 1994
- Bioactivity of epidermal growth factor is enhanced by a binder present in fluid from small bovine follicles. 18. 1992
- Cryomicroscopy and flow cytometry of Aroostook rye protoplasts. 740-741. 1992
- Cryomicroscopy and flow cytometry of aroostook rye protoplasts. 740. 1992
- Effects of chilling on the meiotic spindle and chromosomes of bovine ova. 284. 1992
- Effects of cryoprotective agents (CPAs) on the cytoskeleton and meiotic spindle apparatus of bovine oocytes. 757. 1992
- Effects of rewarming on the meiotic spindle and chromosomes of chilled bovine oocytes. 735. 1992
- Cryobehavior of mature and fertilized bovine oocytes. 570. 1991
- Platelet activating factor activity in bovine sperm during epididymal maturation 1991
- Effect of developmental stage on the osmotic properties of bovine oocytes. 675. 1990
- Fertility of rooster semen after addition and removal of glycerol by dialysis. 674. 1990
- In vitro maturation and fertilization of bovine oocytes in defined medium. 92. 1990
- Platelet activating factor activity in the phospholipid fractions of bovine spermatozoa. 123. 1990
- Stochastic behavior of intracellular ice formation in isolated rye protoplasts and mature bovine oocytes. 676. 1990
- Biochemical composition and phase behavior of membranes from sperm of different species. 675. 1989
- Cholesterol efflux from bovine sperm: bovine oviductal fluid components and their potential role in sperm cholesterol efflux. 21. 1989
- The effects of extender and freezing method on post-thaw survival of canine spermatozoa. 229. 1988
- Capacitation of bovine sperm by removal of cholesterol 1987
- Effect of cholesterol removal from bovine sperm on penetration of hamster and bovine oocytes in vitro. 54. 1987
- Lipid composition of plasma and outer acrosomal membranes of bovine spermatozoa. 180. 1986
- Counting mammalian sperm in complex biological media and uterine flushes. 42. 1984
- Isolation and characterization of plasma membrane from ram epididymal spermatozoa. 284. 1982
- Effect of the cholesterol to phospholipid ratio of bovine spermatozoa on resistance to cold shock. 254. 1980
- Temperature regulated A.I. equipment and semen carrier. 54. 1977
- The effects of heat-treated ovine serum on ram spermatozoa exposed to cold shock. 264. 1976
-
report
- Factors affecting bull semen quality, fertility, and value 2008
- Factors affecting bull semen quality, fertility, and value 2007
- Factors affecting bull semen quality, fertility, and value 2006
- Factors affecting bull semen quality, fertility, and value 2005
- Factors affecting bull semen quality, fertility, and value 2004
- Factors affecting bull semen quality, fertility, and value 2003
- Factors affecting bull semen quality, fertility, and value 2002
- Factors affecting bull semen quality, fertility, and value 2001
- Factors affecting bull semen quality, fertility, and value 2000
- Factors affecting bull semen quality, fertility, and value 1999
- Factors affecting bull semen quality, fertility, and value 1998
- Factors affecting bull semen quality, fertility, and value 1997
- Fundamental and applied aspects of semen processing and evaluation 1996
- Fundamental and applied aspects of semen processing and evaluation 1995
- Fundamental and applied aspects of semen processing and evaluation 1994
- Fundamental and applied aspects of semen processing and evaluation 1993
- Use of flow cytometric analysis to evaluate the effects of dilution on post-thaw viability of bovine sperm 1993
- Fundamental and applied aspects of semen processing and evaluation 1992
- Stochastic process modelling of intracellular ice formation during freezing of cells and embryos. 20. 1992
- Fundamental and applied aspects of semen processing and evaluation 1991
- Cryopreservation of semen from the domestic chicken for use in commercial poultry production 1990
- Fundamental and applied aspects of semen processing and evaluation 1990
- Stochastic process modelling of intracellular ice formation during freezing of cells and embryos. 17. 1990
- Basic and Applied Aspects of Semen Processing and the Physiology and Biochemistry of Bovine Spermatozoa 1989
- Fundamental and applied aspects of semen processing and evaluation 1989
- Fundamental and applied aspects of semen processing and evaluation 1988
- Post-thaw motility and fertility of cryopreserved Peregrine Falcon semen 1988
- Sperm production, semen preservation and factors affecting fertility of inseminated cattle 1988
- Fundamental and applied aspects of semen processing and evaluation 1987
- Sperm production, semen preservation and factors affecting fertility of inseminated cattle 1987
- Fundamental and applied aspects of semen processing and evaluation 1986
- Separation of freshly collected bovine spermatozoa by density on water-insoluble Newtonian gels 1984
- The effects of blood serum on ram spermatozoa exposed to adverse conditions 1976
- The effects of high Tris, low glycerol and low Tris, high glycerol on frozen ram spermatozoa 1975
Teaching
teaching overview
- Dr. Parks teaching focus at the undergraduate and graduate level is primarily in his area of expertise, reproductive physiology. He has total responsibility for the core course in reproduction and associated labs within the Department of Animal Science, total responsibility for an upper division/graduate course on fertilization in mammals, and contributes lectures on male reproduction, spermatogenesis, cryobiology, and assisted reproductive technologies in an interdisciplinary graduate level course in reproduction. Dr. Parks also teaches courses on avian husbandry and captive raptor management which integrates natural history with care, management, and captive propagation of species of special concern.
teaching activities
- ANSC-2400: Animal Reproduction and Development - Spring 2013
- ANSC-2410: Animal Reproduction and Development Lab - Spring 2013
- ANSC-7900: Graduate-Level Thesis Research - Spring 2013
- ANSC-8900: Master's Level Thesis Research - Spring 2013
- ANSC-9900: Doctoral-Level Thesis Research - Spring 2013
- ANSC-2150: Exotic Avian Husbandry and Propagation - Fall 2012
- ANSC-7900: Graduate-Level Thesis Research - Fall 2012
- ANSC-8900: Master's Level Thesis Research - Fall 2012
- ANSC-9900: Doctoral-Level Thesis Research - Fall 2012
- ANSC-2400: Animal Reproduction and Development - Spring 2012
- ANSC-2410: Animal Reproduction and Development Lab - Spring 2012
- ANSC-7900: Graduate-Level Thesis Research - Spring 2012
- ANSC-8900: Master's Level Thesis Research - Spring 2012
- ANSC-9900: Doctoral-Level Thesis Research - Spring 2012
- ANSC-2150: Exotic Avian Husbandry and Propagation - Fall 2011
- ANSC-4250: Gamete Physiology and Fertilization - Fall 2011
- ANSC-7900: Graduate-Level Thesis Research - Fall 2011
- ANSC-8900: Master's-Level Thesis Research - Fall 2011
- ANSC-9900: Doctoral-Level Thesis Research - Fall 2011
- BIOAP-4250: Gamete Physiology and Fertilization - Fall 2011
Service
service to the profession
- New York State Falconry Advisory Board Board Member 2008 -
- Gamma Sigma Delta
- Sigma Xi
- Society for the Study of Reproduction Member 1981 - 2009
- Society for the Study of Reproduction NYS Coordinator 2004 - 2008
- AI-SPER-0203DF692AB0001095D Section Editor - 2005
- International Embryo Transfer Society Annual Meeting Section Editor - 2005
reviewer or editor for
Background
education and training
- Ph.D. in, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University 1980
- M.S. in, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University 1976
- A.B. in, University of North Carolina 1973
awards and honors
- Faculty Representative, Cornell President David J. Skorton Inauguration, for the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006
- Merrill Presidential Scholar Award (Faculty Representative), 1994
- Merrill Presidential Scholar Award (Faculty Representative), 1991
- NIH Young Investigator's Award, 1984
- Shurick-Nutmeg Fellowship, 1979
- Sperry and Hutchinson Foundation Scholar, 1969
Other
college
- CALS
research keyword
- cryopreservation
- sperm
- spermatogenesis
- spermatogonial stem cell
name prefix
- Professor