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Howarth, Robert Warren
David R. Atkinson Professor of Ecology and Environmental Biology
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I am a biogeochemist and ecosystem scientist, an active research scientist who also enjoys teaching and is deeply involved in the environmental management and policy communities in the State, nationally, and internationally. My training was in oceanography, and much of my research still focuses on coastal marine ecosystems. However, I also work on freshwater systems (both rivers and lakes) and on large river basins.
Research Areas
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Affiliations
member of graduate field
other Cornell affiliations
member of
- David R. Atkinson Center for a Sustainable Future (ACSF) Faculty Fellow
Research
research overview
- My research laboratory works broadly on human alteration of element cycles (particularly nutrients) in coastal marine ecosystems and in the watersheds that feed them. We also work on the environmental consequences of energy systems, particularly from oil and gas development and from biofuels, emphasizing water quality and greenhouse gas emissions. Specific current topics of study include: 1) the biogeochemical feedbacks which may either aggravate or partially ameliorate eutrophication that occurs in seagrass-dominated systems as nutrient loads increase: 2) the influences of climate change, land use, and management practices on the export of nutrients and sediment from large river basins; 3) the importance of dry deposition of nitrogen gases from the atmosphere (particularly in the near proximity of vehicle emissions) as a source of nutrient pollution to coastal waters; 4) the environmental consequences of biofuels; 5) the greenhouse gas footprint of natural gas extracted from shale formations such as the Marcellus shale.
research activities
principal investigator on
- CHRP 2005: WATERSHED-ESTUARY-SPECIES NUTRIENT SUSCEPTIBILITY awarded by NATL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, DOC 2005 - 2012
- DEVELOPMENT OF A WEDGE ANALYSIS FOR SOLUTIONS TO THE PROBLEM OF COASTAL NITROGEN POLLUTION IN THE UNITED STATES awarded by DAVID & LUCILE PACKARD FND 2010 - 2012
- ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH, NY: ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH SPECIAL GRANT: AGRICULTURE, ENERGY, AND ENVIRONMENT PROGRAM AT CORNELL UNIVERSITY awarded by NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE-USDA 2010 - 2012
- MODELING THE FLUXES OF SEDIMENT AND NUTRIENTS FROM THE WATERSHEDS OF THE HUDSON RIVER BASIN: CLIMATIC INFLUENCES AND CONTROLS awarded by HUDSON RIVER FOUNDATION 2011 - 2013
- THE GREENHOUSE GAS FOOTPRINTOF MARCELLUS SHALE GAS: EVALUATING THE CONTEXT AND COMMUNICATING OUR RESULTS awarded by PARK FOUNDATION, INC. 2011 - 2013
keywords
- Marcellus shale
- agricultural ecosystems
- atmospheric nitrogen deposition
- biofuel
- biogeochemistry
- climate change
- ecosystem science
- ethanol
- eutrophication
- global change
- global warming
- greenhouse gas emissions
- greenhouse gas footprint
- marine ecology
- marine ecosystems
- methane
- nitrogen
- nitrogen fixation
- nitrogen pollution
- nutrients
- oceanography
- oceans
- phosphorus
- river basins
- river nitrogen flux
- rivers
- seagrass
- shale gas
- water quality
- watersheds
submitted impact statement
- The Agricultural Ecosysystem Program: Understanding sources and sinks of nutrients and sediment in the upper Susquehanna River basin
- The Agricultural Ecosysystem Program: Understanding sources and sinks of nutrients and sediment in the upper Susquehanna River basin
- North American Nitrogen Center
- Complex biogeochemical feedbacks during eutrophication of shallow, coastal marine ecosystems (Robert Howarth)
- Complex biogeochemical feedbacks during eutrophication of shallow, coastal marine ecosystems
- Assessing the sources, sinks, and fluxes of nitrogen in large watersheds and coastal regions, including the influence of climate variability and climate change.
- Assessing the sources, sinks, and fluxes of nitrogen in large watersheds and coastal regions, including the influence of climate variability and climate change.
Publications
individual publications
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academic article
- Evaluating regional variation of net anthropogenic nitrogen and phosphorus inputs (NANI/NAPI), major drivers, nutrient retention pattern and management implications in the multinational areas of Baltic Sea basin.. Ecological Modeling. 227:117-135. 2012
- Excess Nitrogen in the U.S. Environment: Trends, Risks, and Solutions.. Issues in Ecology. 15. 2012
- Historical changes in the food and water supply systems of the New York City metropolitan area.. Regional Environmental Change. 12:380. 2012
- Net anthropogenic nitrogen inputs to watersheds and a riverine N export to coastal waters: a brief overview.. Current Opinion in Environmental Stability. 4:203-211. 2012
- Nitrogen fluxes from large watershed to coastal ecosystems controlled by net anthropogenic nitrogen inputs and climate.. Frontiers in Ecology & Environment. 10:37-43. 2012
- Tidal and Groundwater Fluxes to a Shallow, Microtidal Estuary: Constraining Inputs Through Field Observations and Hydrodynamic Modeling.. Estuaries and Coasts. 35:1285-1298. 2012
- Venting and leakage of methane from shale gas development: Reply to Cathles et al. Climatic Change.. Climatic Change. 2012
- A toolbox for calculating net anthropogenic nitrogen inputs (NANI). Faith & Economics. 26:623-633. 2011
- Benthic macroinvertebrate functional diversity regulates nutrient and algal dynamics in a shallow estuary. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 426:171-184. 2011
- Coupled biogeochemical cycles: Eutrophication and hypoxia in temperate estuaries and coastal marine ecosystems. Frontiers in Ecology and Enviroment. 9:18-26. 2011
- Methane and the greenhouse gas footprint of natural gas from shale formations. Climate Change Letters. 106. 2011
- Should fracking stop? Yes, it is too high risk. Nature. 477:271-273. 2011
- The role of technology and policy in mitigating regional nitrogen pollution. Environmental Research Letters. 6:014011. 2011
- Potential climate-change impacts on the Chesapeake Bay.. Estuarine and Coastal Shelf Science. 86:1-20. 2010
- Solutions to environmental challenges: Nitrogen cycle. . Scientific American. 302:38. 2010
- Celebrating 100 volumes. Biogeochemistry. 100:1-2. 2010
- Human acceleration of the global nitrogen cycle. Scientific American. 302:32-39. 2010
- Linking environmental nutrient enrichment and disease emergence in humans and wildlife. Ecological Applications. 20:16-29. 2010
- Controlling eutrophication: Nitrogen and phosphorus. Science. 323:1014-1015. 2009
- Nitrogen in runoff from residential roads in a coastal area. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution. 210. 2009
- Nutrient enrichment drives Gulf of Mexico hypoxia. EOS. 90:117-128. 2009
- Reply to comments on "Controlling eutrophication: Nitrogen and phosphorus". Science. 324:724-725. 2009
- Coastal marine eutrophication: Control of both nitrogen and phosphorus is necessary. Proceedings at the National Academy of Science USA. 105. 2008
- Coastal nitrogen pollution: A review of sources and trends globally and regionally. Harmful Algae. 8:14-20. 2008
- Estuarine classification and response to nitrogen loading: Insights from simple ecological models. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 77:253-263. 2008
- Ocean urea fertilization for carbon credits poses high ecological risks. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 56:1049-1056. 2008
- The new gold rush: Fueling ethanol production while protecting water quality. Journal of Environmental Quality. 37:318-324. 2008
- Understanding Nutrient Cycling and Sediment Sources in the Upper Susquehanna River Basin. Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education. 138:7-14. 2008
- Environmental science: Nutrients in synergy. Nature. 449:1000-1001. 2007
- Grazer Control of Nitrogen Fixation: Phytoplankton Taxonomic Composition and Ecosystem Functioning. Fundamental and Applied Limnology/Archiv fur Hydrobiologie. 170:103-124. 2007
- Grazer Control of Nitrogen Fixation: Synergisms in the Feeding Ecology of Two Freshwater Crustaceans. Fundamental and Applied Limnology/Archiv fur Hydrobiologie. 170:89-101. 2007
- The Effect of Grazing by the Snail, Lymnae Elodes, on Benthic N2 Fixation and Primary Production in Oligrophic, Arctic Lakes. Limnology and Oceanography. 52:2398-2409. 2007
- Ecological constraints on planktonic nitrogen fixation in saline estuaries: I. Nutrient and trophic controls. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 309:25-39. 2006
- Eutrophication of Freshwater and Marine Ecosystems. Limnology and Oceanography. 51(1):351-355. 2006
- Human activities changing the nitrogen cycle in Brazil. Biogeochemistry. 79:61-89. 2006
- Nitrogen as the limiting nutrient for eutrophication in coastal marine ecosystems: Evolving views over three decades. Limnology and Oceanography. 51:364-376. 2006
- Sources of reactive nitrogen affecting ecosystems in Latin America and the Caribbean: Current trends and future perspectives. Biogeochemistry. 79:3-24. 2006
- The influence of climate on average nitrogen export from large watersheds in the Northeastern US. Biogeochemistry. 79:163-186. 2006
- Ecosystem respiration rates are not constant over diel cycles: direct quantification using dissolved oxygen concentration and isotopic composition in experimental ponds. Limnology and Oceanography. 49:1907-1918. 2005
- Bloom formation in heterocystic nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria: The dependence on colony size and zooplankton grazing. Limnology and Oceanography. 49:2171-2178. 2004
- Fertilizer: Complex issue calls for informed debate. Nature. 427:99. 2004
- Nitrogen cycles: Past, present, and future. Biogeochemistry. 70:153-226. 2004
- Human health effects of a changing global nitrogen cycle. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. 1:240-245. 2003
- Sulfate inhibition of molybdenum-dependent nitrogen fixation by planktonic cyanobacteria under seawater conditions: A non-reversible effect. Hydrobiologia. 500:277-293. 2003
- The nitrogen cascade. BioScience. 53:341-356. 2003
- Climate change impacts on U.S. coastal and marine ecosystems. Estuaries. 25:149-164. 2002
- Ecological and biogeochemical interactions constrain planktonic nitrogen fixation in estuaries. Ecosystems. 5:719-725. 2002
- Effects of varying salinity on phytoplankton growth in a low-salinity coastal pond under two nutrient conditions. Biological Bulletin. 203:260-261. 2002
- Nitrogen retention in rivers: Model development and application to watersheds in the northeastern U.S.A. Biogeochemistry. 57-58:199-237. 2002
- Nitrogen use in the United States from 1961-2000 and potential future trends. Ambio. 31:88-96. 2002
- Nutrient limitation of phytoplankton growth in Vineyard Sound and Oyster Pond, Falmouth, Massachusetts. Biological Bulletin. 203:261-263. 2002
- Sources of nitrate in rivers draining sixteen watersheds in the northeastern U.S.: Isotopic constraints. Biogeochemistry. 57-58:171-197. 2002
- Sources of nitrogen pollution to coastal waters of the United States. Estuaries. 25:656-6676. 2002
- Towards an ecological understanding of biological nitrogen fixation. Biogeochemistry. 57-58:1-45. 2002
- Where did all the nitrogen go? Fate of nitrogen inputs to large watersheds in the northeastern U.S.A. Biogeochemistry. 57-58:267-293. 2002
- Forecasting agriculturally driven global environmental change. Science. 292:281-284. 2001
- Hypoxia, fertilizer, and the Gulf of Mexico. Science. 292:1485-1486. 2001
- Climatic control on eutrophication of the Hudson River Estuary. Ecosystems. 3:210-215. 2000
- Nutrient pollution of coastal rivers, bays, and seas. Issues in Ecology. 4:1-15. 2000
- A novel approach for estimating ecosystem production and respiration in estuaries: Application to the oligohaline and mesohaline Hudson River estuary. Limnology and Oceanography. 44:1509-1521. 1999
- Do top-down and bottom-up controls interact to exclude nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria from the plankton of estuaries: Explorations with a simulation model. Biogeochemistry. 46:203-231. 1999
- Global patterns of terrestrial biological nitrogen (N2) fixation in natural systems. Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 13:623-645. 1999
- Nitrogen cycling and anthropogenic impact in the tropical interAmerican seas. Biogeochemistry. 46:163-178. 1999
- The impact of accelerating land-use change on the N-cycle of tropical aquatic ecosystems: Current conditions and projected changes. Biogeochemistry. 46:109-148. 1999
- An assessment of human influences on inputs of nitrogen to the estuaries and continental shelves of the North Atlantic Ocean. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems. 52:213-223. 1998
- Forms and availability of sediment phosphorus in carbonate sand of Bermuda seagrass beds. Limnology and Oceanography. 43:799-810. 1998
- Nonpoint pollution of surface waters with phosphorus and nitrogen. Ecological Applications. 8:559-568. 1998
- Nonpoint pollution of surface waters with phosphorus and nitrogen. Issues in Ecology. 3:1-12. 1998
- Soil-plant interactions in a neotropical mangrove forest: iron, phosphorus and sulfur dynamics. Oecologia. 115:553-563. 1998
- Atmospheric Deposition of Nitrogen Oxides onto the Landscape Contributes to Coastal Eutrophication in the Northeast US. Environmental Science & Technology. 31:1995-2004. 1997
- Human alteration of the global nitrogen cycle: Causes and consequences. Issues in Ecology. 1:1-15. 1997
- Human alteration of the global nitrogen cycle: Causes and consequences. Ecological Applications. 7:737-750. 1997
- Potential effects of climate change on the freshwater ecosystems of the New England/mid-Atlantic region. Water Resources. 11:925-947. 1997
- Metabolism and organic carbon fluxes in the tidal, freshwater Hudson River. Estuaries. 19:848-865. 1996
- Modeling water, sediment, and organic carbon discharges in the Hudson-Mohawk Basin: Coupling to terrestrial sources. Estuaries. 19:833-847. 1996
- Riverine inputs of nitrogen to the North Atlantic Ocean: Fluxes and human influences. Biogeochemistry. 35:75-139. 1996
- Summary of the nitrogen cycle for the North Atlantic Ocean and its watersheds and airshed. Biogeochemistry. 35:3-25. 1996
- Turbulence does not prevent nitrogen fixation by plankton in estuaries and coastal seas (reply to the comment of Paerl et al.). Limnology and Oceanography. 40:639-643. 1995
- Feeding rates and filament clipping by crustacean zooplankton consuming cyanobacteria. Internationale Vereinigung für Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie, Verhandlungen. 25:2375-2381. 1994
- Variable rates of phosphate uptake by shallow marine sediments: Mechanisms and ecological significance. Biogeochemistry. 25:127-146. 1994
- Atmospheric oxygen exchange in the Hudson River: Dome measurements and comparison with other natural waters. Estuaries. 16:433-445. 1993
- Molybdenum assimilation by cyanobacteria and phytoplankton in freshwater and salt waters. Limnology and Oceanography. 38:25-35. 1993
- River sciences: A review of the rivers handbook, vol. a, hydrological and ecological principles. BioScience. 43:17-21. 1993
- Turbulence and planktonic nitrogen fixation: A mesocosm experiment. Limnology and Oceanography. 38:1696-1711. 1993
- Ecosystem respiration in a large, tidally influenced river: The Hudson River. Biogeochemistry. 16:83-102. 1992
- Nutrient limitation of the macroalga, Penicillus capitatus, associated with subtropical seagrass meadows in Bermuda. Estuaries. 15:18-25. 1992
- Assessing the ecological effects of oil pollution from outer continental shelf oil development. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society. 11:1-8. 1991
- Consumer control of gross primary production in replicate freshwater ponds. Internationale Vereinigung für Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie, Verhandlungen. 24:1512-1516. 1991
- Inputs of sediment and carbon to an estuarine ecosystem: Influence of land use. Ecological Applications. 1:27-39. 1991
- Nitrogen limitation on land and in the sea. How can it occur?. Biogeochemistry. 13:87-115. 1991
- Reply to the comments by Robert Stauffer on "Sulfur storage and alkalinity generation in New England lake sediments" by Giblin et al. Limnology and Oceanography. 36:1265. 1991
- Molybdenum and sulfate as controls on the abundance of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria in saline lakes in Alberta. Limnology and Oceanography. 35:245-259. 1990
- Nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria in the plankton of lakes and estuaries: A reply to the comment by Smith. Limnology and Oceanography. 35:1859-1863. 1990
- Sulfur storage and alkalinity generation in New England lake sediments. Limnology and Oceanography. 35:852-869. 1990
- Hydrogen and acetate cycling in two sulfate reducing sediments: Buzzards Bay and Town Cove, Massachusetts. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 52:2477-2486. 1988
- Nitrogen fixation in freshwater, estuarine, and marine ecosystems. 2. Biogeochemical controls. Limnology and Oceanography. 33:688-701. 1988
- Nitrogen fixation in freshwater, estuarine, and marine ecosystems. l. Rates and importance. Limnology and Oceanography. 33:669-687. 1988
- Nutrient limitation of net primary production in marine ecosystems. Annual Review of Ecology & Systematics. 19:89-110. 1988
- Seasonal differences in Spartina recoverable underground reserves in the Great Sippewissett Marsh in Massachusetts. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 25:313-319. 1987
- Sulfur, carbon and nitrogen isotopes used to trace organic matter flow in the salt marsh estuaries of Sapelo Island, Georgia. Limnology and Oceanography. 22:1195-1213. 1987
- Sulfate inhibition of molybdate assimilation by planktonic algae and bacteria: Some implications for the aquatic nitrogen cycle. Biogeochemistry. 2:179-196. 1986
- Sulfur and carbon isotopes as tracers of salt-marsh organic matter flow. Ecology. 67:865-874. 1986
- Early diagenesis of organic matter in sediments off the coast of Peru. Deep Sea Research. 32:43-55. 1985
- Molybdenum availability, nitrogen limitation, and phytoplankton growth in natural waters. Science. 229:653-655. 1985
- Multiple stable isotopes used to trace the flow of organic matter in estuarine food webs. Science. 277:1361-1363. 1985
- Formation of 35S-labelled elemental sulfur and pyrite in coastal marine sediments (Limfjorden and Kysing Fjord, Denmark) during short-term 35SO42- reduction measurements. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 48:1807-1818. 1984
- Oil spill studies: A review of ecological effects. Environmental Management. 8:27-44. 1984
- Pore water evidence for a dynamic sedimentary iron cycle in salt marshes. Limnology and Oceanography. 29:47-63. 1984
- Pyrite formation and the measurement of sulfate reduction in salt marsh sediments. Limnology and Oceanography. 29:598-608. 1984
- The ecological significance of sulfur in the energy dynamics of salt marsh and marine sediments. Biogeochemistry. 1:5-27. 1984
- Sulfate reduction in the salt marshes at Sapelo Island, Georgia. Limnology and Oceanography. 28:70-82. 1983
- Pyrite and oxidized iron mineral phases in salt marsh and estuarine sediments. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 46:2665-2669. 1982
- Fish versus fuel: A slippery quandary. Technology Review. 83:68-77. 1981
- Oxidation-reduction potentials in a salt marsh: 1. Spatial patterns and interactions with primary production. Limnology and Oceanography. 26:350-360. 1981
- Energy flow in a salt marsh ecosystem: The role of reduced inorganic sulfur compounds. American Naturalist. 116:862-872. 1980
- Salt marsh detritus: An alternative interpretation of stable carbon isotope ratios and the fate of Spartina alterniflora. Oikos: A Journal of Ecology. 34:173-177. 1980
- Sterols in decomposing Spartina alterniflora and the use of ergosterol in estimating the contribution of fungi to detrital nitrogen. Limnology and Oceanography. 25:290-303. 1980
- Pyrite: Its rapid formation in a salt marsh and its importance to ecosystem metabolism. Science. 203:49-51. 1979
- Sulfate reduction in a New England salt marsh. Limnology and Oceanography. 24:999-1013. 1979
- A rapid and precise method for determining sulfate in seawater, estuarine waters, and sediment pore waters. Limnology and Oceanography. 23:1066-1069. 1978
- Environmental impacts of industrial energy systems in the coastal zone. Annual Review of Energy. 3:395-475. 1978
- The dynamics of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus during leaf decomposition in stream micro-ecosystems. Freshwater Biology. 6:221-228. 1976
- Nitrogen fixation in Flax Pond, a Long Island salt marsh. Limnology and Oceanography. 20:640-643. 1975
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book
-
booksection
- How important is atmospheric deposition as a source of nitrogen to coastal marine ecosystems in the northeastern United States? 2008
- Nitrogen fluxes from rivers to the coastal oceans 2008
- Atmospheric deposition and nitrogen pollution in coastal marine ecosystems 2006
- Nitrogen Cycling in the Americas: Natural and Anthropogenic Influences and Controls 2006
- Riverine nitrogen export from the continents to the coasts. . Vol. 20:GB1S91 . 2006
- Wastewater and watershed influences on primary productivity and oxygen dynamics in the lower Hudson River estuary 2006
- The development of policy approaches for reducing nitrogen pollution to coastal waters of the USA 2005
- Current nitrogen inputs to world regions 2004
- The nitrogen cycle 2002
- Nitrogen, nitrogen cycling. Vol. 4. 2000
- Oil spills: Containment and clean-up 1999
- A mechanistic approach to understanding why so many estuaries and brackish waters are nitrogen limited 1998
- Nutrient limitation of phytoplankton and eutrophication of inland, estuarine, and marine waters. Vol. SCOPE #54. 1995
- Transport to and processing of phosphorus in near-shore and oceanic waters 1995
- The role of nutrients in Coastal Waters. Appendix A 1993
- Potential impacts of petroleum on the biotic resources of Georges Bank 1987
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chapter
- Chapter 13: Nitrogen flows from European regional watersheds to coastal marine waters. . European Nitrogen Assessment. 2011
- Chapter 17, Nitrogen as a threat to European water quality. . European Nitrogen Assessment. 2011
- Nitrogen. Encyclopedia of Inland Waters. 57-64. 2009
- Nitrogen fixation. Marino, R. & R. W. Howarth.. Encyclopedia of Inland Waters. 65-72. 2009
- Impact of ethanol production on nutrient cycles and water quality: the United States and Brazil as case studies. Biofuels: Environmental Consequences and Interactions with Changing Land Use. 153-167. 2009
- Introduction: biofuels and the environment in the 21st century. Biofuels: Environmental Consequences and Interactions with Changing Land Use.. 15-36. 2009
- Rapid assessment on biofuels and environment: Overview and key findings . Biofuels: Environmental Consequences and Interactions with Changing Land Use. 1-13. 2009
- The global nitrogen cycle, biodiversity, and human health. Biodiveristy Change and Human Health. 159-178. 2009
- Wastewater and watershed influences on primary productivity and oxygen dynamics in the lower Hudson River estuary. The Hudson River Estuary. 121-139. 2006
- Chapter 9: Nutrient management, responses assessment. In: Ecosystems and Human Well-being, Volume 3, Policy Responses, the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. Island Press. 295-311. 2005
- Coastal ecosystems. Acid Rain: Are the Problems Solved?. 65-74. 2003
- Human disruption of element interactions: Drivers, consequences, and trends for the 21st century. Interactions of the Major Biogeochemical Cycles: Global Change and Human Impacts. 14-45. 2003
- Some approaches for assessing human influences on fluxes of nitrogen and organic carbon to estuaries. Estuarine Synthesis: The Next Decade. 17-41. 2000
- The measurement of primary production in aquatic ecosystems. Methods in Ecosystem Science. 72-85. 2000
- Understanding effects of multiple stressors: Ideas and challenges. Success, Limitations, and Frontiers in Ecosystem Science. 416-431. 1998
- Preliminary estimates of the pollutant loads and fluxes into the northeast shelf LME. Northeast Shelf Ecosystem: Assessment, Sustainability, and Management. 351-357. 1996
- Microbial processes in salt-marsh sediments. Aquatic Microbiology: An Ecological Approach. 239-259. 1993
- The interactions of sulphur with other element cycles. Sulphur Cycling on the Continents: Wetlands, Terrestrial Ecosystems, and Associated Water Bodies. 1992
- Aquatic ecosystem experiments in the context of global climate change: Working group report. Ecosystem Experiments. 1991
- Comparative responses of aquatic ecosystems to toxic chemical stress. Comparative Analyses of Ecosystems: Patterns, Mechanisms, and Theories. 169-195. 1991
- Determining the ecological effects of oil pollution in marine ecosystems. Problems in Ecotoxicology. 1989
- Spatial heterogeneity in lake communities: The benthos and habitat interactions. Complex Interactions in Lake Communities. 181-208. 1988
- Speciation of dissolved sulfur in salt marshes by polarographic methods. Organic Marine Geochemistry. 340-355. 1986
- Sulfate reduction in salt marshes, with some comparisons to sulfate reduction in microbial mats. Microbial Mats: Stromatolites. 245-263. 1984
- The regulation of decomposition and heterotrophic microbial activity in salt marsh soils. Estuarine Comparisons. 183-207. 1982
- Oil and fish: Can they coexist?. Coast Alert: Scientists Speak Out. 49-72. 1981
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conference paper
- Impact of ethanol production on nutrient cycles and water quality: the United States and Brazil as case studies. Biofuels: Environmental Consequences and Interactions with Changing Land Use. 153-167. 2009
- Introduction: biofuels and the environment in the 21st century. Biofuels: Environmental Consequences and Interactions with Changing Land Use.. 15-36. 2009
- Rapid assessment on biofuels and environment: Overview and key findings . Biofuels: Environmental Consequences and Interactions with Changing Land Use. 1-13. 2009
- Human acceleration of the nitrogen cycle: Drivers, consequences, and steps towards solutions. Proceedings of the Strong N and Agro. 2003 IWA Specialty Symposium. 3-12. 2003
- Indirect effects of sulfur on the carbon cycle of aquatic ecosystems: Molybdenum availability, planktonic nitrogen fixation, and nitrogen limitation. Interactions of Biogeochemical Cycles in Aqueous Ecosystems. Proceedings of SCOPE/UNEP workshop at Listvyanka/Irkutsk, USSR, September 2-8, 1988. 1992
- The importance of reduced inorganic sulfur to the sulfur cycle of lakes. Interactions of Biogeochemical Cycles in Aqueous Ecosystems. Proceedings of SCOPE/UNEP workshop at Listvyanka/Irkutsk, USSR, September 2-8, 1988. 1992
- The regulation of primary production and decomposition in a salt marsh ecosystem. Wetlands: Ecology and Management. Proceedings of First International Wetlands Conference, New Delhi, India, September 1980. 151-168. 1982
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report
- Excess nitrogen in the U.S. environment: Trends, risks, and solution. 2012
- Indirect emissions of carbon dioxides from Marcellus shale gas development 2011
- Towards Sustainable Production and Use of Resources: Assessing Biofuels. 2009
- Workshop on Atmospheric Deposition of Nitrogen 2009
- Climate change and the Chesapeake Bay: State-of-the-science review and recommendations 2008
- Nitrogen from the atmosphere: Understanding and reducing a major cause of degradation of our coastal waters 2003
- Priority Topics for Nutrient Pollution in Coastal Waters: An Integrated National Research Program for the United States. 1-24. 2003
- Nutrient over-enrichment of coastal waters in the United States: Steps toward a solution 2002
- Oil in the Oceans 1991
- Report of the working group on "ecosystems and fisheries". 24-37. 1990
- Evidence for sulfate reducing and methane producing microorganisms in sediments from sites 618, 619, and 622 1986
- Potential effects of oil production on Georges Bank communities: A review of the draft environmental impact statement of outer continental shelf oil and gas lease sale no. 42 1977
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review
- Review of “Estuary restoration and maintenance: The National Estuary Program.”. 1889. 2000
- Global sulfur budgets, a review of "The Global Biogeochemical Sulfur Cycle, SCOPE 19. M. B. Ivanov and J. R. Freney eds.". 1336. 1984
- Debunking the myth of the "inexhaustible" ocean, a review of "The Oceans: Our Last Resource" by W. Marx. 85-86. 1982
- The role of sulfur in salt marsh metabolism 1979
presentations
- Biofuels, Food Systems, and International Development, Speaker 2010
- Biofuels: Are they environmentally sustainable, Speaker 2010
featured in archived article
speaker at Cornell event
Teaching
teaching overview
- I teach both undergraduate and graduate classes in ecology and oceanography, with an emphasis on biogeochemistry and ecosystem biology. I teach the core graduate course in biogeochemistry for the Program in Biogeochemistry and Environmental Complexity.
teaching activities
- BIOEE-1610: Introductory Biology: Ecology and the Environment - Spring 2013
- BIOEE-4780: Ecosystem Biology - Spring 2013
- BIOEE-8990: M.S. Thesis Research - Spring 2013
- BIOEE-9990: Ph.D. Dissertation Research - Spring 2013
- NTRES-7900: Graduate-Level Thesis Research - Spring 2013
- NTRES-8900: Master's Thesis Research - Spring 2013
- NTRES-9900: Doctoral-Level Thesis Research - Spring 2013
- BIOEE-8990: M.S. Thesis Research - Fall 2012
- BIOEE-9990: Ph.D. Dissertation Research - Fall 2012
- NTRES-7900: Graduate-Level Thesis Research - Fall 2012
- NTRES-8900: Master's Thesis Research - Fall 2012
- NTRES-9900: Doctoral-Level Thesis Research - Fall 2012
- BIOEE-6680: Principles of Biogeochemistry - Spring 2012
- BIOEE-8990: M.S. Thesis Research - Spring 2012
- NTRES-7900: Graduate-Level Thesis Research - Spring 2012
- NTRES-8900: Master's Thesis Research - Spring 2012
- NTRES-9900: Doctoral-Level Thesis Research - Spring 2012
- BIOEE-3610: Advanced Ecology - Fall 2011
- BIOEE-8990: M.S. Thesis Research - Fall 2011
- BIOEE-9990: Ph.D. Dissertation Research - Fall 2011
- NTRES-7900: Graduate-Level Thesis Research - Fall 2011
- NTRES-8900: Master's Thesis Research - Fall 2011
- NTRES-9900: Doctoral-Level Thesis Research - Fall 2011
Service
outreach overview
- Although I have no formal extension appointment, my career has been built around both conducting research that is pertinent to environmental decision making and applying the best possible science to the policy, management, and political communities. Over the past year, I have participated in many briefings, workshops, seminars, and symposia toward this end, with a focus on how atmospheric pollution and agriculture contribute to coastal nutrient pollution, on the consequences of coastal nutrient pollution, and on potential solutions for this problem. For example, I gave White House briefing to the President`s Science Advisory and senior staff, briefed the Chesapeake Bay Commission at their semi-annual meeting, and was a plenary speaker at the International Symposium on Large Rivers. I am also a member of the Oceans Caucus, a small bipartisan group of congressional staff, political appointees, NGO leaders, and academic leaders who meet monthly in Washington to find common ground on oceans issues.
service to the profession
reviewer or editor for
Background
education and training
- Ph.D. in Biological Oceanography, MIT and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution 1979
- B.A. in Biology, Amherst College 1974
awards and honors
- Appointed to Ecology Faculty, Biology Faculty of 1,000 (2005-2009), 2015
- People Who Matter, 2011
- One of 250 most cited scientists globally in ecology and environmental science disciplines, 2010
- President, 2009
- One of 250 most cited scientists globally in ecology and environmental science disciplines, 2009
- One of 250 most cited scientists globally in ecology and environmental science disciplines, 2008
- One of 250 most cited scientists globally in ecology and environmental science disciplines, 2007
- Zahyed World Environment Prize, 2007
- Recognition by CALS as “being the most influential person” in the undergraduate career of a CALS student, 2007
- One of 250 most cited scientists globally in ecology and environmental science disciplines, 2006
- Lindeman Award in Ecology, 2003
- Aldo Leopold Leadership Fellow, 2000
- Eminent Ecologist, 2000
Other
college
- CALS
research keyword
- Marcellus shale
- agricultural ecosystems
- atmospheric nitrogen deposition
- biofuel
- biogeochemistry
- climate change
- ecosystem science
- ethanol
- eutrophication
- global change
- global warming
- greenhouse gas emissions
- greenhouse gas footprint
- marine ecology
- marine ecosystems
- methane
- nitrogen
- nitrogen fixation
- nitrogen pollution
- nutrients
- oceanography
- oceans
- phosphorus
- river basins
- river nitrogen flux
- rivers
- seagrass
- shale gas
- water quality
- watersheds
name prefix
- Professor