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Bedford, Barbara Lynn
Cornell Academic Staff
Positions
- Senior Research Associate, Natural Resources (NTRES/DNR), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences (CALS)
I am a wetland ecologist with abiding interest in understanding processes controlling biological and functional diversity of wetlands, and application of science to conservation and management of wetland ecosystems. My professional goal is to play a role in seeing that humans do not further diminish biological diversity. I work to achieve this goal in research by trying to identify local and landscape mechanisms by which wetland plant diversity is maintained. In teaching, I strive to help students think in terms of connections -- between organisms and their environment, among ecosystems within a landscape, between human actions in the landscape and observed changes in ecosystems. In order to keep my research and teaching grounded in the messy world in which humans make decisions about wetlands and other ecosystems, I involve myself continuously in work with various state and federal resource management agencies and with private conservation organizations. At present, I serve as the Past-President of the Society of Wetland Scientists, a Trustee for the Adirondack Chapter of The Nature Conservancy, and member of a National Research Council committee on restoration of the Everglades. My work for the New York State Office of the Attorney General was quoted in a 2006 decision of the U.S. Supreme Court. I have earned three national awards recognizing my ability to translate science to policy makers, and been recognized by both my college and university for outstanding teaching. I have been at Cornell for 26 years.
Research Areas
- Affiliations
- Research
- Publications
- Teaching
- Service
- Background
- Other
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Affiliations
other Cornell affiliations
Research
research overview
- My research focuses on understanding the hydrologic, biogeochemical, and ecological processes that control plant species diversity in wetlands. Most of my research centers on rich fens, a distinctive type of freshwater wetland that supports an unusually high number of bryophytes and vascular plant species, including an exceptional number of uncommon and rare species. I am particularly interested in ways that human activities affect wetlands, especially their plant species composition. Within this larger research area, my students and I have worked on groundwater hydrology and chemistry, plant nutrient stoichiometry, bryophytes and phosphorus cycling, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphorus availability, productivity-diversity relations, and sulfur biogeochemistry. I also have had students who work on Great Lakes wetlands and riparian wetlands. Overall I seek to contribute scientific understanding to the conservation of wetland biodiversity at scales from the local to the global.
research activities
area(s) of concentration/expertise
keywords
- biodiversity conservation
- biogeochemistry
- groundwater hydrology
- plant ecology
- wetland management
- wetland policy
- wetlands
submitted impact statement
Publications
individual publications
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academic article
- Mosses influence phosphorus cycling in rich fens by driving redox conditions in shallow soils. Oecologia. 167:253-264. 2011
- A unifying approach for evaluating the condition of wetland plant communities and identifying related stressors.. Ecological Applications. 19:1739-1757. 2009
- Litter accumulation promotes dominance of invasive species of cattails (Typha spp.) in Lake Ontario wetlands. Wetlands. 29:1036-1048. 2009
- Conserving biodiversity and ecosystem function through limited development: An empirical evaluation. Conservation Biology. 22:70-79. 2008
- Groundwater-induced redox-gradients control soil properties and phosphorus availability across four headwater wetlands, New York, USA. Biogeochemistry. 90:259-274. 2008
- Partitioning vegetation response to anthropogenic stress to develop multi-taxa indicators of wetland indicators.. Ecological Applications. 18:983-1001. 2008
- Plant species indicators of physical environment in Great Lakes coastal wetlands. Journal of Great Lakes Research. 33:106-124. 2007
- Wetland dicots and monocots differ in colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and dark septate endophytes. Mycorhiza. 16:495-502. 2006
- Nutrient limitation and botanical diversity in wetlands: Can fertilization raise species richness? . Oikos. 109:71-80. 2005
- Wetland mitigation banking: clarifying intent. National Wetlands Newsletter. 27:5-6. 2005
- Fens of the United States: distribution, characteristics, and scientific connection versus legal isolation. Wetlands. 23:608-629. 2003
- Transient geomorphic control of water table and hydraulic head reversals in a coastal freshwater peatland. Wetlands. 23:969-978. 2003
- Linking landscape properties to local hydrogeologic gradients and plant species occurrence in New York fens: a hydrogeologic setting (HGS) framework. Wetlands. 22:722-737. 2002
- Pathways of nutrient loading and impacts on plant diversity in a New York peatland. Wetlands. 22:263-281. 2002
- Occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a phosphorus-poor wetland and mycorrhizal response to phosphorus fertilization. American Journal of Botany. 88:1824-1829. 2001
- Cumulative effects on wetland landscapes: links to wetland restoration in the United States and southern Canada. Wetlands. 19:775-788. 1999
- Patterns in nutrient availability and plant diversity of temperate North American wetlands. Ecology. 80:2151-2169. 1999
- Quantification of the water budget and nutrient loading in a small peatland. Journal of the American Water Resources Association. 35:753-769. 1999
- Fine-scale characteristics of groundwater flow in a peatland. Hydrological Processes. 13:1341-1359. 1998
- Restoration of wetland vegetation with transplanted wetland soil: an experimental study. Wetlands. 17:424-437. 1997
- A GIS-based index for relating landscape characteristics to potential nitrogen leaching to wetlands. Landscape Ecology. 11:237-255. 1996
- The need to define hydrologic equivalence at the landscape scale for freshwater wetland mitigation. Ecological Applications. 6:57-68. 1996
- GIS-based nonpoint source pollution modeling: considerations for wetlands. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation. 50:613-619. 1995
- Response of a wetland vascular plant community to disturbance: a simulation study. Ecological Applications. 5:109-123. 1995
- Net oxygen and carbon dioxide balances in solutions bathing roots of wetland plants. Journal of Ecology. 79:943-959. 1991
- A life history of Carex lasiocarpa Ehrh. ramets. Aquatic Botany. 30:63-80. 1988
- The hydrology of Alaskan wetlands: A review. Arctic and Alpine Research. 19:209-229. 1987
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article
- An obsession with fens 2001
- Evaluation of proposed revisions to the 1989 "Federal Manual for Identifying and Delineating Jurisdictional Wetlands" 1992
- Developing the scientific basis for assessing cumulative effects of wetland loss and degradation on landscape functions: status, perspectives, and prospects. Environmental Management. 12:751-771. 1988
- Evaluating cumulative effects on wetland functions: A conceptual overview and generic framework. Environmental Management. 12:565-583. 1988
- The role of ecosystem science in EPA's toxics regulatory mission. Environmental Management. 8:377-384. 1984
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audio-visual document
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book
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booksection
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chapter
- Temperate freshwater wetlands: Response to gradients in moisture regime, human alterations, and economic status. Aquatic Ecosystems -- Trends and Global Prospects. 127-140. 2008
- Ecosystem Management: Who's Entitled?. Who Owns America?. 397-400. 1998
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conference paper
- Mosses influence vascular plant growth in rich fens through effects on phosphorus availability and aeration in the rooting zone. 10th Symposium on Wetland Biogeochemistry. 2007
- Multi-scaled hydrologic effects on soil phosphorus dynamics in New York fens. 90th ESA Annual Meeting. 2006
- The role of mosses in the plant species composition and phosphorus dynamics of mineral-rich fen wetlands. EPA STAR Graduate Fellowship Conference. 2006
- Patterns of Cattail Abundance and its Impact on Vegetation Structure in Great Lakes Wetlands. Annual Meeting of the Society of Wetland Scientists. 2004
- Plants as Environmental Indicators in Great Lakes Coastal Wetlands. Annual Meeting of the International Association of Great Lakes Research. 2004
- Integrating Courses: Making the Commitment and Transition. Proceedings First Biennial Conference on University Education in Natural Resources. 1996
- Landscape patterns and stakeholder attitudes: implications for freshwater wetlands protection policy in New York State . Book of Abstracts. 204. 1996
- Assessing impacts on peatland ecosystems: feedbacks between vegetation and environment. Peatland Ecosystems and Man: An Impact Assessment. Proceedings of the British Ecological Society International Symposium. 1992
- Interfacing ecosystem science and environmental policy. Science, Universities, and the Environment. Proceedings of a Symposium, Chicago, Illinois. 1988
- The hydrology of Alaskan wetlands. Proceedings, Workshop on Alaska Regional Wetland Functions, Anchorage, Alaska (May 1986). 1987
- Modification of Plant-Pest Interactions by Air Pollutants: Proceedings of an International Workshop. U.S. EPA Ecosystems Research Center Report 117. 1986
- Detecting forest productivity reduction related to atmospheric pollutant deposition. . Proc. Second New York State Symposium on Atmospheric Deposition. 1983
- Detecting forest productivity reductions related to atmospheric pollutant deposition. Proceedings of the Second New York State Symposium on Atmospheric Deposition. 1983
- Wetland protection efforts, needs and priorities in Wisconsin. Proceedings of the National Wetlands Protection Symposium. 1978
- Alterations in the growth and phenology of wetland plants as indicators of environmental change. Proceedings of the 4th Joint Conference on Sensing of Environmental Pollutants. 1977
- Estimating and predicting changes in wetland water levels. Proceedings of the 4th Joint Conference on Sensing of Environmental Pollutants. 1977
- Seasonally displaced water temperatures as a factor affecting depletion of stored carbohydrates in Typha latifolia. Proceedings of the Waubesa Conference on Wetlands. 1977
- Review of state-sponsored wetlands programs. Proceedings of the National Wetlands Classification and Inventory Workshop. 1976
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document part
- Linking groundwater-induced redox gradients with patterns of plant species diversity in New York fens 2008
- Mosses influence microbial activity and phosphorus availability in shallow fen soils 2008
- The effects of mosses on microbial activity and phosphorus availability in rich fens 2008
- Wetland plant species tissue chemistry associated with pore water sulfur in contrasting hydrogeologic settings 2008
- Short-term weather effects on hydrochemical patterns across two fen wetlands 2006
- Diversity and Distribution of Arbuscular Mycorrhizas in Groundwater-dominated Peatlands 2003
- Factors Influencing Colonization of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Plants of Groundwater-dominated Wetlands 2003
- Microtopography Influences Mycorrhizal Symbioses in Calcareous Fens 2003
- Size-dependent reproductive allocation of biomass and phosphorus in Solidago patula in response to manipulation of phosphorus availability 2003
- Assessing Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Colonization and Diversity in Calcareous Fen Plant Communities 2002
- Fens: Isolated only by some Interpretations 2002
- Physico-chemical Effects of Ground Water Flow on the Plant Rooting Zone in New York Fens 2002
- Plant species richness and phosphorus heterogeneity: an experimental approach 2001
- Hydrologic and Geochemical Controls on Vegetation-Nutrient Relations in Fens 2000
- Local and Regional Controls of Plant Species Composition and Diversity in New York Fens 2000
- Patterns of Plant Diversity in Eastern North American Fens 2000
- Preliminary Hydrogeologic Classification of New York Fens 2000
- Root Distribution at Depth in a Mineral Soil Wetland: Implications for Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling 2000
- Variations in Ground-water Flow Patterns Among New York Fens 2000
- Wetland Plant Response to Phosphorus Heterogeneity 2000
- Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Sphagnum Mosses: Response to Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition 1999
- Solute Transport and CATSCAN Visualization Experiments in Fen Peat 1997
- Deciphering the Complex Relationships Between Groundwater Hydrology, Nutrient Status, and Plant Community Composition in a New York Peatland 1996
- Nutrient Availability and Plant Species Composition in Temperate Wetlands of North America 1996
- Temporal and Spatial Variability in the Direction of Groundwater Flow in a Central New York Peatland 1996
- A GIS-based Index for Relating Landscape Characteristics to Potential Nitrogen Leaching to Wetlands 1995
- Response of Rich Fen Vegetation to Experimental Removal of Litter and Live Biomass of a Canopy Dominant 1995
- The Role of Non-point Source Nutrient Fluxes and Hydrological Flow in Determining Vegetation Patterns in a Central New York Fen 1995
- Non-point Source Loading From an Upland Corn Field to a Small Peatland Along the Dominant Groundwater Flow Path 1994
- Local Groundwater Hydrology and Vegetation Patterns in a Rich Fen in Central New York: Preliminary Results 1993
- Restoring Species-Rich Wetlands: The Case of Fens in the Northeastern United States 1993
- Computer Simulation of Freshwater Wetland Vegetation Responses to Changes in Hydrology 1991
- Do Wetland Plants Oxygenate Their Root Environments? 1991
- Ecological Criteria for Wetland Restoration Assessment 1991
- Fen Vegetation of New York 1990
- Fen Vegetation of New York State 1990
- Net Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Balances in Solutions Bathing Roots of Wetland Plants 1990
- Effects of Altered Hydrology and Thermal Regime on the Vegetation of a Floodplain Peatland 1989
- Landscape-Level Controls on Rare Plant Communities in Coastal Plain Ponds 1989
- Developing the Scientific Basis for Regional Approaches to Evaluating Cumulative Effects On Wetland Ecosystems 1987
- Modeling Wetland Vegetation Responses to Altered Hydrology 1987
- Temporal Properties of Carex lasiocarpa Ehrh. Ramet Populations 1986
- Wetland Plant Populations and Community Responses as Indicators of System Response to Flooding and Thermal Stress 1981
- Wetland Plant Populations and Community Responses as Indicators of System Response to Flooding and Thermal Stress 1981
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report
- Classifying Great Lakes coastal wetland plant communities by multivariate statistical methods 2008
- Progress toward restoring the Everglades: The first biennial review - 2006 2007
- Re-engineering water storage in the Everglades: risks and opportunities 2005
- Adaptive Monitoring and Assessment for the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan 2003
- Does Water Flow Influence Everglades Landscape Patterns? 2003
- Section VI: Patterns of wetlands ownership and permit applications in the Hudson Basin: implications for policy 1996
- Who owns the ecosystem? 1996
- Wetlands: Characteristics and Boundaries 1995
- Watershed Manipulations and Time Lags in Response to Atmospheric Deposition: Summary and Conclusions from U.S.-Canadian Workshop 1986
- Response of Carex-dominated wetlands to altered temperature and flooding patterns 1982
- The role of ecosystem science in EPA's toxics regulatory mission 1982
- The Ecological Nature of the Bois Brule Study Area 1980
- Wisconsin Natural Resources Administrative Code, NR 1.95 1979
- Wisconsin Natural Resources Administrative Code, NR 132 and 182 1979
- Wetland plant study 1977
- Wetlands ecology 1977
- Wetland EcologyCPlants 1976
- Wetland plant study 1976
- Wetland Ecology: Plants 1975
- Wetlands of Dane County, Wisconsin: Inventory, Classification, and Management Plans 1974
- Everglades multip-species avian ecology and restoration review: Final Report to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Everglades Task Force 2007
- Linking science to the conservation of wetland biodiversity 2005
- Linking science to the conservation of wetland biodiversity 2005
- Recent and prospective scientific advances in terrestrial and aquatic ecology 2005
- Response to the paper "On the difficulties of measuring oxygen release by root systems of wetland plants" 1994
featured in archived article
Teaching
teaching overview
- Helping students learn to think critically about wetlands and other ecosystems as components of human-dominated landscapes is the primary focus of my teaching. I enjoy teaching, interacting with young adults, and the continuous learning that the privilege and responsibility of teaching entail. I teach both lecture and laboratory/field courses on wetland ecology and management, and co-teach a combined lecture/field course on environmental policy processes in Washington, D.C. and Ithaca. In the next year, I plan to develop a new graduate course on ecological synthesis for policy applications. l also typically have had several undergraduate students working with my graduate students in the field and lab, conducting independent research with me, and serving as teaching assistants in my courses.
teaching activities
- NTRES-4300: Environmental Policy Processes - Spring 2013
- NTRES-7900: Graduate-Level Thesis Research - Spring 2013
- NTRES-8900: Master's Thesis Research - Spring 2013
- NTRES-9900: Doctoral-Level Thesis Research - Spring 2013
- NTRES-4220: Wetland Ecology Lecture - Fall 2012
- NTRES-4221: Wetland Ecology Laboratory - Fall 2012
- NTRES-7900: Graduate-Level Thesis Research - Fall 2012
- NTRES-8900: Master's Thesis Research - Fall 2012
- NTRES-9900: Doctoral-Level Thesis Research - Fall 2012
- NTRES-4300: Environmental Policy Processes - Spring 2012
- NTRES-7900: Graduate-Level Thesis Research - Spring 2012
- NTRES-8900: Master's Thesis Research - Spring 2012
- NTRES-9900: Doctoral-Level Thesis Research - Spring 2012
- NTRES-4220: Wetland Ecology-Lecture - Fall 2011
- NTRES-4221: Wetland Ecology -Laboratory - Fall 2011
- NTRES-7900: Graduate-Level Thesis Research - Fall 2011
- NTRES-8900: Master's Thesis Research - Fall 2011
- NTRES-9900: Doctoral-Level Thesis Research - Fall 2011
Service
outreach overview
- I do not have an extension focus but I do engage in a number of outreach activities at the state, national and international level, including work with committees of the National Research Council, the New York State Office of the Attorney General, the Great Lakes Levels Board of the International Joint Commission on the Great Lakes, the Adirondack Chapter of The Nature Conservancy, and the Society of Wetland Scientists. My students and I published a brochure in 2010 for landowners -- private, state government, and local NGO's -- on the fens of central New York.
service to the profession
- Society of Wetland Scientists Selection Committee for Society Fellows Committee Member 2011 -
- National Science Foundation Ecosystems Research Review Panel Research Review Panel 2009 -
- Scientists’ Institute for Public Information Member 2002 -
- Consultant on wetlands to the Science Advisory Board, USEPA Board Member 1991 -
- SIGMA XI Member 1980 -
- Society of Wetland Scientists Member 1980 -
- Alpha Sigma Nu Member 1968 - 2020
- British Ecological Society Member 1997 - 2012
- American Institute of Biological Sciences Member 1995 - 2009
- International Association for Vegetation Science Member 1994 - 2009
- Ecological Society of America Member 1980 - 2009
- International Joint Commission on the Great Lakes Research Review Panel - 2009
- South Florida Water Management District Research Review Panel - 2009
- Independent Scientific Review Team, Multi-Species Avian Ecology and Restoration Review, Sustainable Ecosystems Institute for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Servcie and Everglades Restoration Task Force Member 2008
- State of the Nation's Ecosystems Report, the Heinz Center for Science, Economics and the Evnironment Member 2005 - 2008
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center Board of Advisors 2003 - 2008
- Committee on Independent Scientific Review of Everglades Restoration Progress, National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences Member 2004 - 2007
- Society of Wetland Scientists Officer, President/Elect/Past 2004 - 2007
- National Advisory Board, NSF's Long-Term Ecological Research Program Member 2002 - 2007
- Society of Wetland Scientists Officer, Vice President 2004 - 2005
- National Academy of Sciences, Sackler Colloquium, “The Role of Science in Solving the World’s Emerging Water Crisis” Sackler Lecturer 2004
- Committee on Restoration of the Greater Everglades Ecosystem, National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences Member 2003 - 2004
- INTECOL's VII International Wetlands Conference Symposium Organizer 2003 - 2004
- National Wetlands Experts Team, The Nature Conservancy Member 2000 - 2003
- Committee on Smithsonian Scientific Research, National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences Member - 2002
- Technical Advisory Committee, Cumulative Impact Assessment Project – Upper Hudson Watershed, Adirondack Park Agency Chairperson 1997 - 2001
- Udall Scholars National Selection Committee Member - 1999
- Scientific Oversight Committee, Everglades “Hole-in-the-Donut” Restoration Project, Everglades National Park Chairperson 1996 - 1998
- National Visiting Team, National Science Foundation’s Advanced Technological Center, Northwest Center for Sustainable Natural Resources, a Consortium of three Oregon universities and a community college Member 1995 - 1996
- Committee on Wetland Characterization, National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences Member 1993 - 1995
- Management Advisory Group to the Assistant Administrator for Water, USEPA Member 1990 - 1993
- Ad Hoc Committee on Wetland Delineation, Ecological Society of America Chairperson 1991 - 1992
- Association of Ecosystem Research Centers Officer, President/Elect/Past 1990 - 1992
- Nominating Committee, Ecological Society of America Committee Member 1990 - 1992
- Search Committee for a Joint ESA/AIBS Congressional Fellow Chairperson - 1987
reviewer or editor for
Background
education and training
- Ph.D. in Land Resources Program, Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin, Madison 1980
- M.S. in Land Resources Program, Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin, Madison 1977
- B.A. in Theology/Philosophy, Marquette University, Honors Program 1968
awards and honors
- Elected President, 2007
- National Wetlands Award, Science Research Category, 2005
- Sackler Lecturer, 2005
- Faculty Fellow, 2004
- Teaching Assistantship for Landscape Analysis course, Writing-in-the-Majors Program (2002-2004), 2002
- Exceptional Service Award, 2001
- National Merit Award, Outstanding Achievements in Wetland Science, 2001
- Outstanding Educator (for having most influenced Merrill Presidential Scholar Sarah Raposa), 1998
- National Award for Excellence: Wetland Science Applications and Public Policy, 1996
- Young Faculty Teaching Excellence Award, 1995
- Elected Member, 1968
- Elected Fellow
- Distinguished Lecturer
- Unspecified
Other
college
- CALS
research keyword
- biodiversity conservation
- biogeochemistry
- groundwater hydrology
- plant ecology
- wetland management
- wetland policy
- wetlands
name prefix
- Dr.