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Lakso, Alan Neil
Cornell Faculty Member
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I'm a fruit crop physiologist with expertise in the physiology and management of apple and grape growth and development, environmental responses, and the integration with cultural practices. Research methods include experimentation in the field and controlled environment, dynamic simulation modeling and development of innovative new technologies for sensing the environment and plant health.
Research Areas
- adult and extension education
- climatology
- crop management or crop science
- entomology
- food science
- fruit and vegetable production
- horticultural sciences
- integrated crop management
- integrated pest management
- molecular genetics
- organic agriculture
- pest management
- plant biology
- value-added agriculture
- viticulture
- Affiliations
- Extension
- Research
- Publications
- Teaching
- Service
- Background
- Other
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Affiliations
other Cornell affiliations
Extension
has primary specialization area
has secondary specialization area
Research
research overview
- My area of research is integrative plant and crop physiology, primarily on fruit crops. I investigate the individual physiological bases of specific processes such as the regulation of sink activity in the grape berry, carbon partitioning as related to developmental stage, temperature, water availability and light microclimate. I try, however, to also emphasize how these individual processes are integrated in the whole plant and what the grower can do to influence such processes to improve plant productivity, especially under field conditions. As indicated by our increasing use of dynamic simulation modeling, I feel that we will need more and more integrative physiology to understand plant responses to the environment and cultural treatments, to improve our management and culture, and to attack increasingly complex problems such as global climate change and environmental compatibility through IPM and sustainable approaches. I have a new emphasis on application and integration of new micro-engineering, remote sensing, information technologies to problems of agriculture
research activities
- A vineyard site evaluation support system
- Climate change information for assessing impacts and adaptations
- Identifying and controlling the causes of unripe flavors in red wines
- Nutrient requirements of high density Gala trees for high yield, good fruit size and quality
- Weather applications for IPM forecasts on farms
principal investigator on
co-principal investigator on
- IMPROVED GRAPE AND WINE QUALITY IN A CHALLENGING ENVIRONMENT: AN EASTERN US MODEL FOR SUSTAINABILITY AND ECONOMIC VITALITY awarded by NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE-USDA 2010 - 2015
- IRRIGATION AND FERTIGATION OF TALL SPINDLE APPLE ORCHARDS TO IMPROVE EARLY GROWTH, EARLY YIELD AND LONG-TERM PROFITABILITY awarded by NEW YORK FARM VIABILITY INSTITUTE 2010 - 2012
- PREDICTING CHEMICAL THINNING OF APPLE TO MAXIMIZE CROP VALUE OF APPLE ORCHARDS awarded by AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERV, USDA 2011 - 2014
keywords
- apple
- climate change
- crop dynamic modeling
- crop physiology
- grape
- grape flavor development
- microtechnology
- root growth
- water stress
submitted impact statement
Publications
individual publications
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academic article
- Advances in predicting chemical thinner response of apple using a Malusim carbon balance model.. Acta Horticulturae. 932:223-229. 2012
- Cover crop evapotranspiration in a northeastern United States Concord (Vitis labruscana) vineyard.. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research. 18:73-79. 2012
- Berry abscission is related to berry growth in Vitis labruscana ‘Concord’ and Vitis vinifera ‘Riesling’. VITIS. 48:53-54. 2009
- Effects of nitrogen supply on source-sink balance and fruit size of Gala apple trees. Journal of American Society of Horticultural Science. 134:126-133. 2009
- Effects of the whole vine versus single shoot- crop level on fruit growth in Vitis labruscana cv. Concord. VITIS. 48:1-5. 2009
- Estimating nitrogen uptake of individual roots in container- and field-grown plants using a 15N-depletion approach. Functional Plant Biology. 36:621-628. 2009
- Inhibition of grapevine powdery mildew by improved sunlight exposure. Journal of American Society of Enology and Viticulture. 60. 2009
- Inhibition of grapevine powdery mildew by improved vineyard sunlight exposure. Phytopathology. 99. 2009
- Effects of Cluster Light Exposure on 3-Isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine Accumulation and Degradation Patterns in Red Wine Grapes (Vitis vinifera L. Cv. Cabernet Franc). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 56:10838. 2008
- Grapevine cv. "Riesling" water use in the northeastern United States. Irrig. Science. 27:253-262. 2008
- Impact of sunlight and its components on severity of grapevine powdery mildew. Phytopathology. 98. 2008
- Isolation and characterization of genes associated with shade-induced apple abscission. Molecular Genetics and Genomics. 280:83-92. 2008
- Modeling ‘Concord’ grapes with “VitiSim”, a simplified carbon balance model: understanding pruning effects. Acta Horticulturae. 803:243-250. 2008
- Estimation of photosynthetic impact and physiological lesion size for strawberry leaf scorch.. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology. 29:159-165. 2007
- Estimation of the impact of leaf scorch on photosynthesis and physiological lesion size in strawberry. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology. 29:159-165. 2007
- Increased grapevine powdery mildew in shaded vineyard regions: Association with reduced leaf temperature and UV radiation. Phytopathology. 97. 2007
- Is Maximizing Orchard Light Interception Always the Best Choice?. Acta Horticulturae. 732:507-518. 2007
- Grapevine rooting patterns: A comprehensive analysis and a review. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture. 57:89-104. 2006
- Improvements on an Apple Carbon Balance Model. Acta Horticulturae. 707:57-61. 2006
- Integration of environment, physiology and fruit abscission via carbon balance modeling – implications for understanding growth regulator responses. Acta Horticulturae. 727:321-326. 2006
- Modeling carbon allocation below ground. Acta Horticulturae. 707:143-150. 2006
- Modeling from a crop protection decision support perspective what is most important?. Acta Horticulturae. 707:187-195. 2006
- Seasonal Patterns of Root Growth in Relation to Shoot Phenology in Grape and Apple. Acta Horticulturae. 707:143-150. 2006
- Seasonal Patterns of Root Growth in Relation to Shoot Phenology in Grape and Apple. Acta Horticulturae. 721:21-26. 2006
- Temperature and chemical thinner affect fruit set and growth of ‘Empire’ apple. Acta Horticulturae. 727:327-336. 2006
- Transpiration of grapevines in the humid Northeastern United States. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture. 57:460-467. 2006
- Vineyard shading increases severity of grapevine powdery mildew. Phytopathology. 96. 2006
- Canopy and environmental control of root dynamics in a long-term study of ‘Concord’ grape. New Phytologist. 167:829-840. 2005
- Climate change and shifts in spring phenology of three horticultural woody perennials in the northeastern United States. International Journal of Biometeorology. 49:303-309. 2005
- Interactive effects of soil temperature and moisture on ‘Concord’ grape root physiology. Journal of Experimental Botany. 56:2651-2660. 2005
- L’effetto di fattori fisiologici e delle condizioni ambientali sullo sviluppo dei frutti. Italus Hortus. 12:19-32. 2005
- Measuring transpiration in apple trees using heat pulse sap flow gauges calibrated with whole-canopy gas exchange chambers. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. 130:85-94. 2005
- Fruit development in deciduous tree crops as affected by physiological factors and environmental conditions. Acta Horticulturae. 636:425-441. 2004
- Photosynthetic ability of apple spur leaves after re-exposure by summer pruning. HortScience. 39:969-972. 2004
- Transpiration of an apple orchard in a cool humid climate: measurement and modeling. Acta Horticulturae. 664:175-180. 2004
- Variation between years and within years on chemical fruit thinning efficacy of apple during cool springs. Acta Horticulturae. 636:283-294. 2004
- Effects of Irrigation and Pruning on Concord Grape Productivity and Seasonal Root Development. International Water and Irrigation. 23:32-34. 2003
- Multiple factors in root survivorship: a four-year study in Concord grape. New Phytologist. 158:489-501. 2003
- Summer pruning effects on fruit size, fruit quality, return bloom and fine root survival in apple trees. Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology. 78:755-761. 2003
- Summer pruning reduces whole-canopy carbon fixation and transpiration in apple trees. Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology. 78:749-754. 2003
- Temperature effects on fruit and shoot growth in the apple (Malus domestica) early in the season. Acta Horticulturae. 636:447-453. 2003
- Carbon balance modeling approaches to integrating the effects of foliar pests, environment, and cultural practices in apples. Acta Horticulturae. 584:221-228. 2002
- Apple fruit growth responses to varying thinning methods and timing. Acta Horticulturae. 557:407-412. 2001
- Impact of grape phylloxera (Homoptera: Phylloxeridae) on growth and biomass allocation in Concord grapes in relation to water stress and rootstock. Vitis. 40:225-228. 2001
- Simulation modeling of the effects of short and long-term climatic variations on carbon balance of apple trees. Acta Horticulturae. 557:473-480. 2001
- The effect of water stress on vineyards and wine quality in Eastern climates. Wine East. 29. 2001
- The interaction of phylloxera infection, rootstock, and irrigation on young Concord grapevine growth. VITIS. 40:225-228. 2001
- Assessing root mortality and decomposition in a study of canopy pruning in Concord grape. New Phytologist. 147:171-178. 2000
- Effects of manipulated berry transpiration on post-veraison sugar accumulation. Acta Horticulturae. 513:467-475. 2000
- Misura e modellizzazione del bilancio del carbonio nel melo. Frutticoltura. 62:99-106. 2000
- Root growth phenology, root longevity, and rhizosphere respiration of field grown ‘Mutsu’ apple trees on ‘Malling 9’ rootstocks. Journal of American Society of Horticultural Science. 125:596-602. 2000
- The relationship between leaf area and light interception by spur and extension shoot leaves to apple orchard productivity. HortScience. 35:1202-1206. 2000
- Measurement and modeling of carbon balance of the apple tree. HortScience. 34:1040-1047. 1999
- Responses to drought of balance-pruned and minimally-pruned 'Concord' grapevines. Acta Horticulturae. 493:103-107. 1999
- Supply and demand: water supply and demand influence vineyard management. American Fruit Grower. 2:4-5. 1999
- Validating an apple dry matter production model with whole canopy gas exchange measurements in the field. Acta Horticulturae. 499. 1999
- Aspects of carbon supply and demand in apple fruits. Acta Horticulturae. 466:13-18. 1998
- Differential effects of shade on early season fruit and shoot growth rates in 'Empire' apple branches. HortScience. 33:823-825. 1998
- Experiences with supplemental irrigation in New York vineyards. Vineyard and Winery Management. 24:72-74. 1998
- Apple fruit respiration in the field: relationships to fruit growth rate, temperature, and light exposure. Acta Horticulturae. 451:319-326. 1997
- Effects of manipulated berry transpiration on post-veraison sugar accumulation. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research. 3:57-65. 1997
- Estimating the contribution of canopy components to direct light interception of apple trees using a laser-assisted device. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 37:63-72. 1997
- Impact of Feeding Injury by Eastern Grape Leafhopper (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) on Yield and Juice Quality of Concord Grapes. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture. 48:291-302. 1997
- Light and temperature effects on whole-canopy net carbon dioxide exchange rates of apple trees. Acta Horticulturae. 451:287-294. 1997
- Principles of orchard systems management--Optimizing supply, demand and partitioning in tree fruits. Acta Horticulturae. 451:405-415. 1997
- The international apple growth study. Acta Horticulturae. 451:693-699. 1997
- Carbon balance as a physiological basis for the interactions of European Red Mite and crop load on 'Starkrimson Delicious' apple trees. Journal of American Society of Horticultural Science. 121:959-956. 1996
- Influence of European Red Mite on Leaf and Whole-Canopy Carbon Dioxide Exchange, Yeild, Fruit Size, Quality and Return Cropping in 'Starkrimson Delicious' Apple Trees. Journal of American Society of Horticultural Science. 121:954-958. 1996
- Interactions of European Red Mite and crop load on maturity and quality, mineral concentrations and economic value of 'Starkrimson Delicious' apples. Journal of American Society of Horticultural Science. 121:967-972. 1996
- Laser scanning estimation of relative light interception by canopy components in different grape training systems. VITIS. 35:177-182. 1996
- Seasonal bioenergetic construction costs of apple fruits, leaves and shoots. Acta Horticulturae. 416:163-168. 1996
- The bases of productivity in apple production systems: the role of light interception by different shoot types. Journal of American Society of Horticultural Science. 121:886-893. 1996
- A comparison of 'Empire' apple fruit size and anatomy in unthinned and hand-thinned trees. Journal of Horticultural Science. 70:375-387. 1995
- An expolinear model of the growth pattern of the apple fruit. Journal of Horticultural Science. 70. 1995
- Comparison of four methods for estimating total light interception by apple trees of varying forms. HortScience. 30:272-276. 1995
- Die Grundlage der Ertragsleistung von Apfel-(Malus domestica Borkh.) Anbausystem: Die Rolle der Lichtaufnahme bei Kurz- und Langtriebblättern. Erwerbsobstbau. 36:188-193. 1994
- Early season patterns of photosynthate partitioning in exposed and shaded apple branches. Journal of American Society of Horticultural Science. 119:596-603. 1994
- Interactions of crop level and late season water stress on growth and physiology of field-grown 'Concord' grapevines. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture. 45:252-258. 1994
- The effects of pre- and post-veraison water stress on growth and physiology of potted Pinot Noir grapevines at varying crop levels. VITIS. 32:207-214. 1994
- The influence of orchard system and pruning severity on yield, light interception, conversion efficiency, partitioning index and leaf area index. Acta Horticulturae. 349:123-127. 1993
- Implications of pruning and training practices to carbon partitioning and fruit development in apple. Acta Horticulturae. 322:231-239. 1992
- Le techniche di potatura e allevamento influenzano la ripartizione dei carboidrati e lo sviluppo dei frutti di melo. Futticoltura. 54:15-20. 1992
- The simplified dry matter production model for apple: estimation of canopy photosynthesis in discontinuous canopies. Acta Horticulturae. 313:45-50. 1992
- Approaches to modeling light interception. HortScience. 26:1002-1004. 1991
- Bases of yield and production efficiency in apple orchard systems. Journal of American Society of Horticultural Science. 116:188-194. 1991
- Canopy development, yield, and fruit quality of 'Empire' and 'Delicious' apple trees grown in four orchard production systems for ten years. Journal of American Society of Horticultural Science. 116:179-187. 1991
- Modifying apple tree canopies for improved production efficiency. HortScience. 26:1005-1012. 1991
- A simplified dry matter production model for apple using automatic programming simulation software. Acta Horticulturae. 276:141-148. 1990
- Comparison of sod, mulch and herbicide floor management practices for 'Concord' grape production in non-irrigated vineyards. Journal of American Society of Horticultural Science. 115:872-877. 1990
- Interactions of physiology with multiple environmental stresses. HortScience. 24:1365-1369. 1990
- Mechanical harvestability of Y-shaped and pyramid-shaped 'Empire' and 'Delicious' apple trees. Journal of American Society of Horticultural Science. 115:368-374. 1990
- Light interception, yield and fruit quality of 'Empire' and 'Delicious' apple trees grown in four orchard systems. Acta Horticulturae. 243:175-184. 1989
- Managing the Y-Trellis system. American Fruit Grower. 109. 1989
- The Palmette Leader: A tree design for improved light distribution. HortScience. 24:271-275. 1989
- Environmental and physiological regulation of photosynthesis in fruit crops. Horticultural Reviews. 11:111-157. 1988
- Interactions of cropping and light exposure on apple fruit development. Transactions of the Illinois State Horticultural for 1987. 121:57-60. 1988
- Pruning and training apple trees for improved sunlight utilization. Transactions of the Illinois State Horticultural for 1987. 121:61-65. 1988
- Tree training system improves yields. American Fruit Grower. 197:6-7. 1987
- A carbon balance model of a growing apple shoot. I. Development of the model. Journal of American Society of Horticultural Science. 111:160-164. 1986
- A carbon balance model of a growing apple shoot. II. Simulated effects of light and temperature on long and short shoots. Journal of American Society of Horticultural Science. 111:164-169. 1986
- Effect of rootstock on apple (Malus domestica) tree water relations. Physiologia Plantarum. 67:421-430. 1986
- Environmental physiology of in vitro propagated plants: Stimulation of growth of grapevines after transfer from sterile medium by carbon dioxide enrichment. Journal of American Society of Horticultural Science. 111:634-638. 1986
- Stimulation of growth of in vitro propagated grapevines after transfer from culture by carbon dioxide enrichment. Journal of American Society of Horticultural Science. 111:634-638. 1986
- Physiological control of water status in temperate and subtropical fruit trees. Horticultural Reviews. 7:301-344. 1985
- Relationships between shoot length, leaf area, shoot weight and accumulated growing degree-days in apple shoots. Journal of American Society of Horticultural Science. 110:586-590. 1985
- The effect of water stress and vapor pressure gradient on stomatal conductance, water use efficiency and photosynthesis of fruit crops. Acta Horticulturae. 171:207-218. 1985
- The effects of water stress on physiological processes in fruit crops. Acta Horticulturae. 171:275-290. 1985
- A comparison of dwarfing character and water relations of five apple rootstocks. Acta Horticulturae. 146:151-158. 1984
- Leaf area development patterns in young pruned and unpruned apple trees. Journal of American Society of Horticultural Science. 109:861-865. 1984
- Light responses of photosynthesis and transpiration of two tomato cultivars under ambient and altered CO2 and O2. Scientia Horticulturae. 23:119-128. 1984
- Seasonal osmotic relations in apple leaves of different ages. Journal of American Society of Horticultural Science. 109:544-547. 1984
- The influence of powdery mildew on the yield and growth of Rosette grapevines. Plant Disease. 68:590-593. 1984
- Apple harvesting with a double impact shaker. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE). 25:1567-1574. 1982
- Photosynthesis, transpiration, and water use efficiency in mature grape leaves infected with Uncinula necator (powdery mildew). Phytopathology. 72:232-236. 1982
- Precautions on the use of excised shoots for photosynthesis and water relations measurements of apple and grape leaves. HortScience. 17:368-370. 1982
- Apple detachment by impact shaking. Acta Horticulturae. 114:244. 1981
- Aspects of canopy photosynthesis and productivity in the apple tree. Acta Horticulturae. 114:100-109. 1980
- Correlations of fisheye photography to canopy structure, light climate and biological responses to light in apple trees. Journal of American Society of Horticultural Science. 105:43-46. 1980
- Apple harvesting with an inertial vs. impulse trunk shaker on open-center and central leader trees - Part II. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE). 22:983-988. 1979
- Diurnal and seasonal changes in leaf water potential components and elastic properties in response to water stress in apple trees. Physiol. Plant. 46:109-114. 1979
- Effect of selected dormant pruning techniques in a hedgerow apple orchard. Journal of American Society of Horticultural Science. 104:737-739. 1979
- Seasonal changes in stomatal response to leaf water potential in apple. Journal of American Society of Horticultural Science. 104:58-60. 1979
- Water stress responses of apple trees. I. Effects of light and soil preconditioning treatments on tree physiology. Journal of American Society of Horticultural Science. 104:392-395. 1979
- Water stress responses of apple trees. II. Resistance and capacitance as affected by greenhouse and field conditions. Journal of American Society of Horticultural Science. 104:395-397. 1979
- Apple harvesting with inertial vs. impulse trunk shaker on open-center and central-leader trees. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE). 21:407-413. 1978
- Apple leaf photosynthesis in alternating light. HortScience. 13:473-474. 1978
- Characterization of apple tree light climate with hemispherical photography. Acta Horticulturae. 65:71. 1978
- Control of regrowth in mechanically hedged apple trees with NAA and daminozide. HortScience. 13:55-56. 1978
- Conversion of central leader apple trees for improved mechanical harvest. Journal of American Society of Horticultural Science. 103:284-187. 1978
- Environmentally induced responses of apple tree photosynthesis. HortScience. 13:646-650. 1978
- The influence of temperature on malic acid metabolism in grape berries. II. Temperature responses of net dark C02 fixation and malic acid pools. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture. 29:145-149. 1978
- Water relations in apple seedlings: changes in water potential components, absicisic acid levels and stomatal conductances under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions. Journal of American Society of Horticultural Science. 103:310-313. 1978
- Characterizing apple tree canopies by fisheye photography. HortScience. 11:404-405. 1976
- Effects of cloudiness on interior diffuse light in apple trees. Journal of American Society of Horticultural Science. 101:642-644. 1976
- Physical properties of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and malic enzyme in grape berries. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture. 26:75-78. 1975
- The influence of temperature on malic acid metabolism in grape berries I. Enzyme responses. Plant Physiology. 56:370-372. 1975
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article
- Fifteen years of vine root growth studies in Concords. 2012
- GRAPES 101. Bud Fruitfulness and Yield. 2012
- Estimating the environmental footprint of New York apple orchards 2010
- Vine Balance: Impact on Methoxypyrazines. Practical Winery and Vineyard. May/June:34-49. 2010
- Predicting and understanding chemical thinner response in real time 2008
- How does nitrogen supply affect ‘Gala’ fruit size? 2007
- Understanding and Managing the Carbohydrate Supply: Demand Balances for Fruit Development in the Apple Tree 2007
- Using an apple tree carbohydrate model to understand thinning responses to weather and chemical thinners 2007
- Vine water use and getting a “feel” for water stress 2005
- Effects of spotted tentiform leafminer and european red mite on apple leaf function and crop development 2003
- Getting a "feel" for water stress 2002
- Summer Pruning: the good, the bad and the ugly 2002
- Summer pruning: The good the bad and the ugly 2002
- Apple tree physiology - implications for orchard and tree management 2000
- Practical apple thinning programs for New York 1998
- Practical apple thinning programs for New York 1998
- Apple Orchard and Canopy Management - Yields, Quality and Pest Thresholds 1997
- Managing supply and demand in the apple tree 1997
- The efficiency of the apple canopy in high density systems 1997
- Understanding apple productivity as supply and demand. Great Lakes Fruit Grower News. 1:44-45. 1997
- Understanding apple tree productivity - Balancing carbohydrate supply and demand 1997
- Influence of foliar pests on apple fruit size and quality 1996
- Influence of foliar pests on apple fruit size and quality 1996
- Influence of fruit competition on size, and the importance of early thinning 1996
- Influence of fruit competition on size, and the importance of early thinning 1996
- Influence of fruit competition on size, and the importance of early thinning 1996
- Heavy crop loads increase apple tree sensitivity to European Red Mites 1995
- Viticultural and physiological parameters relating yield and fruit quality. Grape Research News. 3:4-6. 1994
- A new look at irrigation in Northeast vineyards 1993
- Canopy management for orchard productivity: The importance of sunlight captured by spurs versus shoots 1993
- Canopy management for orchard productivity: the importance of sunlight captured by spurs versus shoots 1993
- Reducing insecticide usage in New York vineyards: will it lead to serious problems with grape leafhopper?. Grape Research News. . 1991
- Water balance and drought stress in New York vineyards. Grape Research News. . 1991
- Managing the Y-trellis system 1989
- Performance of an apple planting systems trial. Great Lakes Fruit Grower News. 27:30-32. 1988
- Performance of an apple planting systems trial 1988
- Apple trees - tall, short, Y-shaped - experts will determine which is best 1987
- Aspects of fruit size development in apple 1987
- Tree training system improves yields 1987
- Pruning and training for improved light distribution 1985
- The palmette leader tree form 1985
- Principles of tree designs for production and mechanical harvest. Great Lakes Fruit Grower News. 23:50-51. 1984
- Weather patterns and apple yields. Great Lakes Fruit Grower News. 23:20-21. 1984
- Fresh market apple mechanical harvesting research at Cornell. Great Lakes Fruit Grower News. 21:20. 1982
- An update on mechanical fruit harvesting in Europe 1981
- Importance of climate on apple production systems 1981
- Light studies in apple trees 1975
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booksection
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chapter
- Chapter 7: Agriculture. Responding to Climate Change in New York State: The ClimAID Integrated Assessment for Effective Climate Change Adaptation. 217-254. 2011
- Fruit tree models: scope and limitations. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Development and Adoption: Perspectives of Technological Innovation. 2005
- Fruit growth patterns. Concise Encyclopedia of Temperate Tree Fruit. 2003
- Water relations of apples. Apples: botany, production and uses. 167-194. 2003
- Apple. Environmental physiology of fruit crops Vol 1, Temperate crops. 3-42. 1994
- Canopy microclimate effects on patterns of fruiting and fruit development in apples and grapes. Manipulation of fruiting. 263-274. 1989
- Canopy microclimate effects on patterns of fruiting and fruit development in apples and grapes. Manipulation of fruiting. 263-274. 1989
- Breeding for high fruit yields. Methods in Fruit Breeding. 353-367. 1983
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conference paper
- Advances in predicting chemical thinner response of apple using a MaluSim carbon balance model.. Acta Hort. 223-229. 2012
- Comparing water use efficiency of apples and grapes – physiological and morphological aspects.. Acta Hort. 2012
- Integrating physiological models in applied fruit crop research.. 10th Int. Symposium on Orchard Systems: Program and Abstracts. 2012
- Early fruit growth and drop – the role of carbon balance in the apple tree. Acta Hort.. Acta Hort.. 733-742. 2011
- An apple-specific ET model. Acta Hort. (9th Int. Orch Systems Symp 2008). 2010
- Early fruit growth and drop – the role of carbon balance in the apple tree. Acta Hort. (9th Int. Orch Systems Symp 2008). 2010
- The vineyard site evaluation project and grower website. Proc. Viticulture 2010. 54-57. 2010
- Chemical thinning and return bloom of apple. Today. 4-6. 2009
- Crop level effects on long-term concord grape fine root dynamics. Proc. 16th GiESCO Int’l Conference. 87-92. 2009
- Crop level effects on long-term ‘concord’ grape growth and biomass distribution. Proc. 16th GiESCO Int’l Conference. 83-86. 2009
- Predicting and understanding chemical thinner response in real time. Proc. 2009 Empire State Fruit Veg. Expo. 43-45. 2009
- Effects of Vineyard Floor Management on Soil Moisture and Vine Water Status. Proc. Finger Lakes Grape Conference. 40-42. 2008
- Isolation and characterization of genes associated with shade-induced apple abscission. 9th International Symposium on Integrating Canopy, Rootstock and Environmental Physiology in Orchard Systems: Program and Abstracts. 38. 2008
- Predicting and understanding chemical thinner response in real time. Great Lakes Fruit Workers Annual Meeting. 13-14. 2008
- Predicting chemical thinning response with a carbohydrate model. 9th International Symposium on Integrating Canopy, Rootstock and Environmental Physiology in Orchard Systems: Program and Abstracts. 39. 2008
- Summary of Root Studies in Concord Grapes. Proc. Lake Erie Regional Grape Conference. 24-25. 2008
- Apple fruit growth – How’s it all work?. Proc. 2007 Empire State Fruit & Veg. Expo. 18-20. 2007
- Basics of grape root biology. Proc. Viticulture 2007. 97-98. 2007
- Water and crop stress effects on vine function and crop ripening. Proc. Viticulture 2007. 88-89. 2007
- Dry matter, total nitrogen and fertilizer nitrogen accumulation in mature Concord vines. 57th Annual Finger Lakes Grape Growers Convention. 3-4. 2006
- Grapevine Root Dynamics. Proceedings of the Workshop Carbohydrate Dynamics in Grapes, CSIRO. 60-65. 2006
- Grapevine Root Dynamics. Proc. CSIRO Workshop on Carbohydrate Dynamics in Grapes. 60-65. 2006
- Influence of sun exposure on powdery mildew development. Proc. 5th Int. Workshop on Grapevine Downy and Powdery Mildew. 196. 2006
- Seasonal growth, dry matter and carbohydrate development in mature ‘Concord’ grapevines. Paper and Abstract Book. 68. 2006
- Vineyard variability and wine quality – improving it with irrigation. Proc. 35th NY Wine Industry Workshop. 56-59. 2006
- “VitiSim” – A Simplified Carbon Balance Model of a Grapevine. Proceedings of the Workshop Carbohydrate Dynamics in Grapes, CSIRO. 4-11. 2006
- Crop Load – Physiology, Modeling and Relationships to Root Growth in Grapevines. Proceedings of the 12th Austral. Wine Ind. Tech. Conference. 38-45. 2005
- “VitiSim” – A Simplified Carbon Balance Model of a Grapevine. Proceedings, GESCO. 478-484. 2005
- Conclusions for three years of study on the effect of drought and nitrogen management on formation of atypical aging flavor in wine. 33nd New York Wine Industry Workshop. 68-71. 2004
- Root growth patterns and mineral nutrient uptake. Proc. In-depth fruit school on apple mineral nutrition. 26. 2003
- Update on wine atypical aging research. Proceedings of 32nd New York Wine Industry Workshop. 2003
- Apple fruit growth responses to early season shade at varying developmental stages. 26th International Hort Congress. 2002
- Drought and Water Stress in New York Vineyards and the Potential for Atypical Aging of New York Wines. Proc. 31st NY Wine Industry Workshop, NYS Agric. Exper. Station. 2002
- Drought and water stress in New York vineyards and the potential for atypical aging of New York wines. Proceedings of 31st New York Wine Industry Workshop. 2002
- Effects of Irrigation and Pruning on Concord Grape Productivity and Seasonal Root Development. Proc. Irrig. Association. 2002
- Nitrogen management to improve vine N status and reduce atypical aging of wine in New York. Proceedings of 31st New York Wine Industry Workshop. 2002
- Water status in vineyards in erratic climates: effects on productivity and wine quality. Proc. 16th Midwest Regional Grape and Wine Conference. 1-9. 2001
- Apple fruit growth responses to varying thinning methods and timing. ISHS Orchard Systems/Rootstocks/Physiology meeting. 2000
- Basics of water balance in New York vineyards. Proc. 29th NY Wine Industry Workshop, NYS Agric. Exper. Station. 94-101. 2000
- Drought stress effects on vine growth, function, ripening and implications for wine quality. Proc. 29th NY Wine Industry Workshop, NYS Agric. Exper. Station. 86-90. 2000
- Recognizing and responding to drought stress in maturing grapevines. Proc. 29th NY Wine Industry Workshop, NYS Agric. Exper. Station. 102-114. 2000
- Physiology of minimal versus normal pruning of Concord grapes. Proc. Mich. State Hort. Society. 138-141. 1999
- Water use and water management in northeast vineyards. Proc. Mich. State Hort. Society. 132-137. 1999
- Comparisons of growth and gas exchange of conventionally- and minimally-pruned 'Concord' grapevines. Proc. IVth International Symposium on Cool Climate Viticulture and Enology. 1997
- Whole canopy versus single leaf gas exchange responses to water stress in Cabernet Sauvignon grapevines. Proc. IVth International Symposium on Cool Climate Viticulture and Enology. 1997
- Apple fruit management - Fruit growth and development and implications for thinning. Proc. 45th Benzie-Manistee Hort. Show. 59-62. 1996
- Apple orchard and canopy management - yields, quality and pest thresholds. Proc. 45th Benzie-Manistee Hort. Show. 74-78. 1996
- Weather, physiology of berry development and ripening and time of harvest. Proc. 25th NY Wine Industry Workshop. 59-64. 1996
- How crop load changes apple tree sensitivity to European Red Mite. Proc. N.Y.State Hort. Society. 11-14. 1995
- Legumes and our limited experience in Eastern viticulture. Organic grape and wine symposium, Spec. Rpt. No. 69. 27-30. 1995
- Observations on the relation of xylem dysfunction to fruit growth, sugar accumulation, softening and cracking of cherries and grapes. Proceedings of the International Cherry Cracking Conference, Mich. State Agric. Exper. Sta. Spec. Bull. 1995
- Weed management. Organic grape and wine symposium, Spec. Rpt. No. 69. 49-56. 1995
- Effects of environmental stresses on apple productivity and performance. Proc. 1994 Ontario Hort Crops Conference. 14-18. 1994
- Effects of mite feeding on apple tree function and performance. 1994 Ontario Hort Crops Conference. 28-32. 1994
- Managing ‘Empire’ orchards for production and fruit size. Proc N.E. Fruit Meetings. 50-58. 1994
- Viticultural and physiological parameters limiting yield. 2nd Shaulis Symposium on Viticulture. 1993
- Thinning strategies to improve 'Empire' apple fruit size. Proc. New York State Horticultural Society. 219-225. 1991
- Thinning strategies to improve 'Empire' apple fruit size. Proc. N.Y. State Hort. Society. 219-225. 1991
- The importance of climate and microclimate to yield and quality in horticultural crops. Agrometeorology. 287-298. 1987
- Understanding and influencing the effects of climate and microclimate on apple production. Proc. Mich. State Hort. Soc. for 1986. 63-67. 1987
- Climatic effects on apple yield potential. Proc. N.Y. State Hort. Society. 131-139. 1985
- The role of impact shaking in the harvest of apples. International Symposium on Fruit, Nut and Vegetable Harvesting Mechanization. 89-96. 1984
- Tree designs for apple production systems. Proc. NY State Hort. Society. 86-91. 1983
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document part
- Precision thinning and precision irrigation. 2012
- Effects of low light on early apple fruit development and retention – Genetic, biochemical, physiological and modeling approaches. 120. 2010
- Predicting chemical thinner response in apple. 121. 2010
- Seasonal regulation of fruit development, abscission, and postharvest quality - a case study of apple. 491. 2010
- Correlation of Methoxypyrazines (MP) in Winegrapes to Resulting Wines: Methodology and Implications 2009
- Vine balance: what is it, and how does it change over the season? 2009
- Impact of light exposure on IBMP accumulation and degradation during berry growth and ripening 2008
- Positive Correlation of Methoxypyrazine Concentrations in Cabernet Franc with Post-bloom Shoot Vigor 2008
- Seasonal responses of apple fruit growth, abscission, and fruit carbohydrate concentrations to low light. 37-38. 2008
- Chemistry and sensory effects of vineyard sun exposure on Cabernet franc wines 2007
- Vegetative growth, fruiting, and fruit size of Gala trees in response to nitrogen supply. 903. 2007
- Apple fruit growth and cell division in relation to embryo and endosperm development in two climates, New York State and Washington State. 1097. 2005
- Integration of environment, physiology and fruit abscission via carbon balance modeling – Implications for understanding growth regulator response. 80. 2005
- Interactions of environment and tree physiology with post bloom fruit thinners: A carbon modeling approach. 960. 2005
- Temperature and chemical thinners affect fruit growth and fruit set on 'Empire' apple. 81. 2005
- Development and testing of a model to rapidly predict apple thinner response. 793. 2004
- Influence of night temperature on fruit set and thinner response on ‘Empire’ apples. 521. 2001
- Apple fruit growth responses to varying thinning methods and timing. 75. 2000
- Structure and development of cultivated grapevines in the northeastern United States 1999
- ReTain effects on fruit size, maturity, and storage quality of ‘Jonagold’ apples. 208. 1998
- Multi site thinning comparisons with 'Empire' and 'McIntosh' apples 1997
- Multi-site thinning comparisons with 'Empire' and 'McIntosh'. 524. 1997
- The effects of different ratios and concentrations of Benzyladenine and GA4+7 on fruit size and yield of apple trees. 524. 1997
- Fruit drop in 'Empire' apple by position within the cluster in unthinned trees vs trees thinned to single fruited clusters. 665. 1996
- Fruit drop in ‘Empire’ apple by position within the cluster in unthinned trees vs. trees thinned to single-fruited clusters 1996
- Principles of orchard systems management-Optimizing supply, demand and partitioning in tree fruits. 45. 1996
- Relationship between winter bud construction and flower and fruit number in ‘Concord’ and ‘Niagara’ grapevines 1994
- Comparison of four methods for estimating light interception by trees of varying forms. 539. 1993
- Fertigation effects on apple tree growth, cropping, and dry matter partitioning. 620. 1992
- Productivity in apple production systems: The role of light interception by different shoot types. 619. 1992
- The influence of orchard system and pruning severity on yield, light interception, conversion efficiency, partitioning index and leaf area index. 12. 1992
- 'Empire' apple thinning and fruit growth studies. 757. 1991
- Effects of cropping and light exposure on apple fruit growth. 610. 1990
- Canopy microclimate effects on patterns of fruiting and fruit development in apples and grapes. 263-274. 1989
- Modifying apple tree canopies for improved efficiency. 143. 1989
- An apple planting systems trial: The first ten years. 791. 1988
- Light interception, yield and fruit quality of 'Empire' and 'Delicious' apple trees grown in four orchard systems 1988
- Mechanical harvest studies with apples grown on a Y-trellis. 1123. 1987
- Growth enhancement by CO2 for acclimatization of in vitro propagated grapevines 1986
- The Palmette Leader tree: A new tree form for improved light partitioning. 751. 1986
- Stimulation of growth of in vitro propagated grapevines after transfer from sterile medium by CO2 enrichment. 521. 1985
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report
- Advances in predicting chemical thinning response using a carbon balance model. 15-20. 2011
- Economics of Drip Irrigation for Juice Grape Vineyards in New York State 1999
- Understanding and influencing the effects of climate and microclimate on apple production. 63-67. 1987
- Photosynthesis in fruit trees in relation to environmental factors 1986
- Regulation of apple tree photosynthesis in the autumn by temperature. 34-37. 1986
- New York integrated fruit production protocol for apples 2006
- New York State Integrated Pest Management Elements for Apple 2004
- Economics of drip irrigation for juice grape vineyards in New York State 1999
- Influence of fruit competition on size, and the importance of early thinning 1997
- Understanding apple tree productivity: Balancing carbohydrate supply and demand 1997
- Shoot positioning native American (Concord-type) grapevines 1990
- Shoot positioning native American (Concord-type) grapevines 1990
- Performance of an apple planting systems trial 1988
- Aspects of fruit size development in apples 1987
featured in archived article
Teaching
teaching overview
- I teach an Advanced Viticulture Senior/Grad course and lead and co-teach a Grapevine Biology junior/senior course. These are upper division classes so a primary learning outcome is the ability to synthesize substantial amount of factual information about grapevines and their culture to critically assess complex issues in grapevine physiology and culture. This requires creative thinking and the use of multiple hypotheses or explanations to elucidate the many complex interactions of plant, environment and culture. Examples are climate change, dealing with site and plant variability, and regulation of growth and wine quality by water relations.
teaching activities
- HORT-5900: Master of Professional Studies (Agriculture) Project - Spring 2013
- HORT-7000: Graduate Teaching Experience - Spring 2013
- HORT-8900: Thesis Research, Master of Science - Spring 2013
- HORT-9900: Thesis Research, Doctor of Philosophy - Spring 2013
- HORT-5900: Master of Professional Studies (Agriculture) Project - Fall 2012
- HORT-8900: Thesis Research, Master of Science - Fall 2012
- HORT-9900: Thesis Research, Doctor of Philosophy - Fall 2012
- HORT-3440: Viticulture and Vineyard Management - Spring 2012
- HORT-4460: Advanced Viticulture Topics - Spring 2012
- HORT-5900: Master of Professional Studies (Agriculture) Project - Spring 2012
- HORT-6460: Advanced Viticultural Topics - Spring 2012
- HORT-7000: Graduate Teaching Experience - Spring 2012
- HORT-8900: Thesis Research, Master of Science - Spring 2012
- HORT-9900: Thesis Research, Doctor of Philosophy - Spring 2012
- VIEN-3440: Viticulture and Vineyard Management - Spring 2012
- VIEN-4460: Advanced Viticulture Topics - Spring 2012
- VIEN-6460: Advanced Viticultural Topics - Spring 2012
- HORT-5900: Master of Professional Studies (Agriculture) Project - Fall 2011
- HORT-8900: Thesis Research, Master of Science - Fall 2011
- HORT-9900: Thesis Research, Doctor of Philosophy - Fall 2011
Service
outreach overview
- My approach to extension and outreach reflects my research on understanding the principles of fruit crop behavior in relationship to the environment and cultural practices. I feel that for complex issues such as growing fruit crops in NY, recipe approaches are dangerous as each year presents new challenges that can only be handled by knowledge of a complex system and how it behaves. I extend this approach and information at different levels and in different formats. For fruit growers, the focus is on understanding the principles of crop behavior so they can adjust appropriately each year or location. For school children the message is simpler but also focused on how plants behave.
service to the profession
- American Society for Horticultural Sciences
- Sigma Xi
- 10th International Symposium on Orchard Systems, Rootstocks and Environmental Physiology (held in Stellenbosch, South Africa Scientific Committee and Editorial review 2012 - 2013
- Program committee for the 9th International Symposium on Orchard Systems, Rootstocks and Environmental Physiology (held in Geneva, NY; 270 international scientist for 1 week meeting) Chairperson - 2008
reviewer or editor for
Background
education and training
- Ph.D. in Plant Physiology, University of California, Davis 1973
- B.S. in Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis 1970
awards and honors
Other
college
- CALS
research keyword
- apple
- climate change
- crop dynamic modeling
- crop physiology
- grape
- grape flavor development
- microtechnology
- root growth
- water stress