We examined sediment sources as well as policy implications of sediment management in a watershed in upstate New York. Spatial analysis techniques were used to characterize and map potential phosphorus export at watershed scale using modified export coefficient modeling in a geographic information systems context. We characterized sediment sources using measurements of residual 137Cesium concentrations in glacial deposits of selected stream reaches. A statistical profile for each stream reach linked physical processes to planning and policy realms. These data enabled us to target stakeholders proximate to the stream corridor who might be influenced directly by stream management programs of local government. Our results confirmed that forests and agricultural lands surrounded by forests have low potential nutrient load values; that sediment in the creek was derived from stream bank deposits rather than land use-based processes; and participants favored either an ecological and monitoring approach or an intervention and manipulation approach.

We began this project with an interest in sedimentation in a forested watershed. A strong collaboration with the local county government enhanced the work. The county was increasing its focus on erosion issues in the Six Mile Creek watershed, thus our selection of that study site. However, county efforts were on implementing stream restoration techniques with less emphasis on the broad view that would incorporate a wider range of stakeholders, especially encompassing citizens in the watershed. Our project accomplished that goal as well as developing tools for volunteer monitoring groups to use for reporting data on an interactive website. The citizens in the Six Mile Creek watershed have not only received a partially restored stream, they have been directly involved in the management decisions of the watershed and have increased their capacity to understand erosion and sedimentation. This project has been an excellent example of collaborative work not only at Cornell but with the local community.

We established baseline levels of sediment and nutrient fluxes, determined that bank erosion was the dominant sediment source, and utilized a GIS-based analysis to support the study. We generated watershed-wide maps of estimated annual phosphorus export for the target watershed. The GIS framework developed the link between science and the policy/planning aspects of the project. We developed a profile for each reach that included number of parcels, parcel area, land assessment, and land plus construction assessment. We utilized these data to target residents along the creek who might be directly influenced by stream management. In FY2005, we undertook focus groups with property owners along the creek, municipal officials, volunteer stream monitors, and forested property owners. In all we interviewed approximately fifty people. We developed fact sheets to address stakeholder concerns. The fact sheets discuss the issue of large woody debris in a creek; how to place large woody debris so as to slow stream flow and protect the stream from erosion; stream management and restoration; urban runoff issues; and terms that are common in watershed management.

Because our work included a strong collaboration with local officials, the benefits were multiplied. The county had increased its focus on the Six Mile Creek watershed, investing substantial funds in a restoration of the stream. Our project helped focus the county efforts, especially in terms of outreach and education. We determined that sediment load to the stream stemmed from bank erosion as opposed to land based activities. As well, our focus group derived information from a variety of stakeholders in the watershed. These data informed our fact sheet topics as well as management options in which the county will invest. Two county departments will fund the publication of our fact sheets in order to increase distribution.

Tompkins County (NY) Planning Department Tompkins County (NY) Soil and Water Conservation District

• Max J. Pfeffer
• Stephen D. DeGloria
• Timothy J. Fahey
• Arthur J. Lembo, Jr.
• Greg N. Nagle